Challenges and opportunities for characterisation of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: a review

Zucconi, Adam; Hack, Jennifer; Stocker, Richard; Suter, Theo A. M.; Rettie, Alexander J. E.; Brett, Dan J. L.

doi:10.1039/d3ta06895a

Cited by 20 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 555 publications

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“…Recently [ 35 , 36 ], we have reported the HT-PEMFC MEA operation with polyheteroarylene-based CNF anodes. The most recent electrode materials and challenges related to HT-PEMFC were recently reviewed [ 37 , 38 ]. Therefore, here, we tried to apply the obtained anode materials in HT-PEMFC MEA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Self-Phosphorylating Polybenzimidazole of the 6F Family for HT-PEM Fuel Cell Application

Ponomarev,

Volkova,

Skupov

et al. 2024

IJMS

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High-temperature polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) are a very important type of fuel cells since they operate at 150–200 °C, making it possible to use hydrogen contaminated with CO. However, the need to improve the stability and other properties of gas-diffusion electrodes still impedes their distribution. Self-supporting anodes based on carbon nanofibers (CNF) are prepared using the electrospinning method from a polyacrylonitrile solution containing zirconium salt, followed by pyrolysis. After the deposition of Pt nanoparticles on the CNF surface, the composite anodes are obtained. A new self-phosphorylating polybenzimidazole of the 6F family is applied to the Pt/CNF surface to improve the triple-phase boundary, gas transport, and proton conductivity of the anode. This polymer coating ensures a continuous interface between the anode and proton-conducting membrane. The polymer is investigated using CO2 adsorption, TGA, DTA, FTIR, GPC, and gas permeability measurements. The anodes are studied using SEM, HAADF STEM, and CV. The operation of the membrane–electrode assembly in the H2/air HT-PEMFC shows that the application of the new PBI of the 6F family with good gas permeability as a coating for the CNF anodes results in an enhancement of HT-PEMFC performance, reaching 500 mW/cm2 at 1.3 A/cm2 (at 180 °C), compared with the previously studied PBI-O-PhT-P polymer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Self-Phosphorylating Polybenzimidazole of the 6F Family for HT-PEM Fuel Cell Application

Ponomarev,

Volkova,

Skupov

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Enhancement of Mass Transport in Catalyst Layers of HT‐PEMFC with Tetrafluorophenyl Phosphonic Acid Binder

Ma,

Niu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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The design and development of new and efficient catalyst binder materials are important for improving cell performance in high‐temperature proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells (HT‐PEMFCs). In this study, a series of tetrafluorophenyl phosphonic acid–based binder materials (PF‐y‐P, y = 1, 0.83, and 0.67) with rigid structures and controllable degrees of phosphonation were prepared and used in HT‐PEMFCs using the ultra‐strong acid‐catalyzed Friedel–Crafts reaction and the combined Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction. The samples exhibited high stability, low water uptake, superior proton conductivity, and cell performance. In addition, the oxygen mass transport properties of the PF‐1‐P binder were investigated using high‐temperature microelectrode electrochemical testing techniques. Compared with the phosphoric acid‐doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) binder, the O2 solubility of PF‐1‐P binder material increased by 30% (5.36 × 10−6 mol cm−3) and the PF‐1‐P binder material exhibited better cell stability in HT‐PEMFCs. After 10.5 h of discharge at a constant current of 0.12 A cm−2, the MEA voltage decreased by 7.1% and 20.8% in case of the PF‐1‐P and PBI binders, respectively.

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Probing the Efficiency of PPMG-Based Composite Electrolytes for Applications of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Ahmed,

Altaf,

Khan

et al. 2024

Trans. Tianjin Univ.

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PPMG-based composite electrolytes were fabricated via the solution method using the polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone blend reinforced with various contents of sulfonated inorganic filler. Sulfuric acid was employed as the sulfonating agent to functionalize the external surface of the inorganic filler, i.e., graphene oxide. The proton conductivities of the newly prepared proton exchange membranes (PEMs) were increased by increasing the temperature and content of sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO), i.e., ranging from 0.025 S/cm to 0.060 S/cm. The induction of the optimum level of SGO is determined to be an excellent route to enhance ionic conductivity. The single-cell performance test was conducted by sandwiching the newly prepared PEMs between an anode (0.2 mg/cm2 Pt/Ru) and a cathode (0.2 mg/cm2 Pt) to prepare membrane electrode assemblies, followed by hot pressing under a pressure of approximately 100 kg/cm2 at 60 °C for 5–10 min. The highest power densities achieved with PPMG PEMs were 14.9 and 35.60 mW/cm2 at 25 °C and 70 °C, respectively, at ambient pressure with 100% relative humidity. Results showed that the newly prepared PEMs exhibit good electrochemical performance. The results indicated that the prepared composite membrane with 6 wt% filler can be used as an alternative membrane for applications of high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

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Challenges and opportunities for characterisation of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: a review

Abstract: High-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells require advancements to capitalise on their advantages over conventional PEMFCs, the critical roles and opportunities for characterisation and durability testing are discussed in this review.

Cited by 20 publications

References 555 publications

Unique Self-Phosphorylating Polybenzimidazole of the 6F Family for HT-PEM Fuel Cell Application

Unique Self-Phosphorylating Polybenzimidazole of the 6F Family for HT-PEM Fuel Cell Application

Enhancement of Mass Transport in Catalyst Layers of HT‐PEMFC with Tetrafluorophenyl Phosphonic Acid Binder

Probing the Efficiency of PPMG-Based Composite Electrolytes for Applications of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

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