“…Husbands contribute to farmers' lives as food, cash income, risk diversification, agricultural production, transportation, and sources of firewood. Livestock productivity is low due to changing land-use, restricted access to feed, inadequate grazing systems, inadequate provision of veterinary services, and market inefficiencies (Alemayehu & Tassew, 2017). Figure 2.Plantation practice of Acacia decurrens and Eucalyptus globules and camaldulensis in the study watershed.…”
Plantation of Eucalyptus and Acacia species emerges as a promising alternative in the tropics in a scenario of high demand for provisional and regulating ecosystem services. The research aimed to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of ecosystem service values in response to planting practices of Eucalyptus and Acacia species in the Gilgel Abay watershed, Northwest Ethiopia. The threshold values of NDVI were employed to classify land-use/covers using cloud-free satellite imagery data in 1984, 1998, 2013, and 2021. The benefit transfer method of modified value coefficient was used to estimate ecosystem service values (ESVs) of the study watershed. Total ESV decreased from 1984 to 1998 due to the expansion of cultivated land at the expense of natural forests, shrubs, and grasslands. As food production increased, performance levels of climate regulation, erosion control, and nutrient cycle declined. In contrast, the service values of erosion control, climate regulation, and nutrient cycles were the major contributors to the overall increase in ESV from 1998 to 2021. This was caused by expanding Acacia and Eucalyptus species plantation at the expense of cultivated land in the watershed. The research revealed a trade-off relationship between provisional and other ecosystem services, such as regulating and supporting ecosystem service values in response to land-use system transformation. As a result, it is suggested that synergistic interactions between regulating, provisional, and supporting ecosystem service values be developed by merging plantation and cultivated land. Maintaining the right proportions of degraded plantations, protected natural forests, farmlands, and wetland ecosystems can be the most effective way to provide optimal multiple ecosystem services.
“…Husbands contribute to farmers' lives as food, cash income, risk diversification, agricultural production, transportation, and sources of firewood. Livestock productivity is low due to changing land-use, restricted access to feed, inadequate grazing systems, inadequate provision of veterinary services, and market inefficiencies (Alemayehu & Tassew, 2017). Figure 2.Plantation practice of Acacia decurrens and Eucalyptus globules and camaldulensis in the study watershed.…”
Plantation of Eucalyptus and Acacia species emerges as a promising alternative in the tropics in a scenario of high demand for provisional and regulating ecosystem services. The research aimed to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of ecosystem service values in response to planting practices of Eucalyptus and Acacia species in the Gilgel Abay watershed, Northwest Ethiopia. The threshold values of NDVI were employed to classify land-use/covers using cloud-free satellite imagery data in 1984, 1998, 2013, and 2021. The benefit transfer method of modified value coefficient was used to estimate ecosystem service values (ESVs) of the study watershed. Total ESV decreased from 1984 to 1998 due to the expansion of cultivated land at the expense of natural forests, shrubs, and grasslands. As food production increased, performance levels of climate regulation, erosion control, and nutrient cycle declined. In contrast, the service values of erosion control, climate regulation, and nutrient cycles were the major contributors to the overall increase in ESV from 1998 to 2021. This was caused by expanding Acacia and Eucalyptus species plantation at the expense of cultivated land in the watershed. The research revealed a trade-off relationship between provisional and other ecosystem services, such as regulating and supporting ecosystem service values in response to land-use system transformation. As a result, it is suggested that synergistic interactions between regulating, provisional, and supporting ecosystem service values be developed by merging plantation and cultivated land. Maintaining the right proportions of degraded plantations, protected natural forests, farmlands, and wetland ecosystems can be the most effective way to provide optimal multiple ecosystem services.
“…This could be explained by the high livestock density and open-grazing system of animal production in the area. In the Lake Tana sub-basin, livestock production comprises a large portion of farming activities (Alemayehu and Tassew, 2017;Tassew and Seifu, 2007).…”
Section: Seasonal Patterns and Sources Of River Export Of Din In The ...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Agriculture is the basis of the livelihoods of almost all the people in the watershed. It is mixed farming, where the rural people depend on both crop and livestock production.The livestock species kept in the rural areas of Lake Tana basin include cattle, sheep, goats, equines, and chickens (Alemayehu and Tassew, 2017).The population of the rural Lake…”
Section: Study Sites For Performance Evaluation and Microbial Source ...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This finding is in line with the findings of (Abera et al, 2017;Abera et al, 2014;Ewnetu et al, 2014;Goshu et al, 2010a;Mengesha et al, 2004;Wondie, 2009). The moderate to very high levels of pollution in the Lake Tana basin could be attributed to low coverage of sanitation facilities and high livestock densities with open grazing systems (Alemayehu and Tassew, 2017;Mengesha et al, 2004) aggravated by land degradation in the basin (Selassie, 2017;Yitaferu, 2007b).…”
Section: The General Level Of Pollution and Risk Map Of The Lake Tana...mentioning
Chapters 2, 3 and 5 have been published as peer reviewed scientific articles. Chapter 4 is accepted to the journal of Hydrology. The text, figures and tables of the published and the submitted articles have been adjusted to the PhD thesis format. References should be made to the original articles.
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