Challenges and Opportunities for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38919-1

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 24 publications

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“…A study in Cameroon showed that RSV circulated in the beginning of the dry season from October to December at 5.7% in outpatients with influenza-like illness visiting influenza surveillance centers in 2009. Another study recently showed that RSV was the second most common respiratory virus (13.3%) after human adenovirus in children hospitalized in Yaoundé, Cameroon [14,15]. The unicentric study did not find a significant age-specific RSV prevalence, which might have underestimated the overall detection rate for selected viruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A seroepidemiological study of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the Littoral Region of Cameroon

Mandi

Yimer²,

Bekolo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is responsible for about 300 000 deaths in young children per year, and 99% of these occur in low-income countries. This study aimed to assess the burden of RSV infection among children less than two years with acute respiratory infections (ARI) in the littoral region of Cameroon. MethodsWe carried out a cross-sectional study in seven health facilities in the littoral region of Cameroon. Venous blood was collected using serum separation tubes from eligible children who visited these healthcare facilities with acute respiratory infections. ELISA determined the seroprevalence of anti-IgM RSV. Factors associated with RSV infection were ascertained using logistic regression. ResultsOut of 100 study participants, the overall RSV-associated ARI seroprevalence was 33% (95%CI:23.6-42.3). Factors significantly associated with RSV acquisition were age below six months (p=0.000) and mixed feeding (p=0.015). ConclusionsThe RSV burden is high among children less than two years with ARI in the littoral region of Cameroon. There is a need for an effective public health RSV surveillance system with standard laboratory techniques and equipment to better understand the RSV disease age-specific incidence, seasonality, and RSV burden among patients in the communities in Cameroon.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A seroepidemiological study of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the Littoral Region of Cameroon

Mandi

Yimer²,

Bekolo

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Scop3D: Three‐dimensional visualization of sequence conservation

et al. 2015

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The integration of a protein's structure with its known sequence variation provides insight on how that protein evolves, for instance in terms of (changing) function or immunogenicity. Yet, collating the corresponding sequence variants into a multiple sequence alignment, calculating each position's conservation, and mapping this information back onto a relevant structure is not straightforward. We therefore built the Sequence Conservation on Protein 3D structure (scop3D) tool to perform these tasks automatically. The output consists of two modified PDB files in which the B-values for each position are replaced by the percentage sequence conservation, or the information entropy for each position, respectively. Furthermore, text files with absolute and relative amino acid occurrences for each position are also provided, along with snapshots of the protein from six distinct directions in space. The visualization provided by scop3D can for instance be used as an aid in vaccine development or to identify antigenic hotspots, which we here demonstrate based on an analysis of the fusion proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus and mumps virus.

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Development of a Virosomal RSV Vaccine Containing 3D-PHAD® Adjuvant: Formulation, Composition, and Long-Term Stability

Lederhofer

Lent

Bhoelan³

et al. 2018

Pharm Res

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PurposeCharacterization of virosomes, in late stage preclinical development as vaccines for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), with a membrane-incorporated synthetic monophosphoryl lipid A, 3D-PHAD® adjuvant.MethodsVirosomes were initially formed by contacting a lipid film containing 3D-PHAD® with viral membranes solubilized with the short chain phospholipid DCPC, followed by dialysis, later by adding solubilized 3D-PHAD to viral membranes, or to preformed virosomes from DMSO.ResultsVirosomes formed from lipid films contained the membrane glycoproteins G and F, at similar F to G ratios but lower concentrations than in virus, and the added lipids, but only a fraction of the 3D-PHAD®. By single particle tracking (SPT), the virosome size distribution resembled that seen by cryo-electron microscopy, but dynamic light scattering showed much larger particles. These differences were caused by small virosome aggregates. Measured by SPT, virosomes were stable for 300 days. 3DPHAD ® incorporation in virosomes could be enhanced by providing the adjuvant from DCPC solubilized stock, but also by adding DMSO dissolved adjuvant to pre-formed virosomes. Virosomes with 0.1 mg/mg of 3D-PHAD®/viral protein from DMSO induced antibody titers similar to those by virosomes containing 0.2 mg/mg of DCPC-solubilized 3D-PHAD®.ConclusionsStable 3D-PHAD® adjuvanted RSV virosomes can be formulated.

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Challenges and Opportunities for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

A seroepidemiological study of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the Littoral Region of Cameroon

A seroepidemiological study of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the Littoral Region of Cameroon

Scop3D: Three‐dimensional visualization of sequence conservation

Development of a Virosomal RSV Vaccine Containing 3D-PHAD® Adjuvant: Formulation, Composition, and Long-Term Stability

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