Challenges and Perspectives for NASICON‐Type Electrode Materials for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted increasing attention in the past decades, because of high overall abundance of precursors, their even geographical distribution, and low cost. Apart from inherent thermodynamic disadvantages, SIBs have to overcome multiple kinetic problems, such as fast capacity decay, low rate capacities and low Coulombic efficiencies. A special case is sodium super ion conductor (NASICON)-based electrode materials as they exhibit - besides pronounced structural stability - exceptionally high ion conductivity, rendering them most promising for sodium storage. Owing to the limiting, comparatively low electronic conductivity, nano-structuring is a prerequisite for achieving satisfactory rate-capability. In this review, we analyze advantages and disadvantages of NASICON-type electrode materials and highlight electrode structure design principles for obtaining the desired electrochemical performance. Moreover, we give an overview of recent approaches to enhance electrical conductivity and structural stability of cathode and anode materials based on NASICON structure. We believe that this review provides a pertinent insight into relevant design principles and inspires further research in this respect.

Recent Progress of Layered Transition Metal Oxide Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…When considering large‐scale energy storage such as electric cars or stationary storage system where the energy density is less critical, however, the low abundance, high cost, and nonuniform distribution of lithium in the Earth's crust make it a necessity to find another low‐cost candidate . In this regard, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are attracting increasing attention as a complement or an alternative because of the abundance, easy accessibility, and low cost of sodium as well as the similar “rocking‐chair” sodium storage mechanism to that of LIBs, especially for large‐grid applications . In addition, SIBs show suitable redox potential ( E 0 (Na+/Na) = 2.71 V vs standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), 0.3 V higher than that of Li + /Li) as rechargeable batteries.…”

Hierarchical Engineering of Porous P2‐Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 Nanofibers Assembled by Nanoparticles Enables Superior Sodium‐Ion Storage Cathodes

“…[1][2][3][4] However, the pursuit of applicable Na-ion storage electrode materials seems harder than the exploration of their Li-ion counterparts due to the larger size and heavier mass of Na + versus Li + . [7,8] Among the currently proposed cathode candidates, such as transition metal oxides (TMOs), [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] polyanion-type compounds, [18][19][20][21][22][23] Prussian blue analogues, [24,25] and organic salts, [26,27] layered transition metal oxides are particularly intriguing because of their 2D frameworks offering free Na-diffusion channels. [7,8] Among the currently proposed cathode candidates, such as transition metal oxides (TMOs), [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] polyanion-type compounds, [18][19][20][21][22][23] Prussian blue analogues, [24,25] and organic salts, [26,…”

Towards High‐Performance Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Stabilizing the Solid/Liquid Interface for NASICON‐Type Na2VTi(PO4)3 using Concentrated Electrolytes

“…[5,6] However,t he low operating voltage of aqueous electrolytes, resulting in low energyd ensity,a sw ell as electrode degradation need to be properly addressed to establish aqueous Na-ion batteries as an attractive technology for power-managemento perations and grid-scale energy storage. [15,16] The V 4 + /V 3 + and Ti 4 + /Ti 3 + redox processes in vanadium-and titanium-based insertion hosts with the NASI-CON structure occur within the electrochemical stability window of water. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] NASICON( Na super ionic conductor)-type compoundsh ave attractedi ntensive interest because of their high structurals tability,l arge ionicc hannels,a nd good accessibility of the sodium sites.…”