Challenges and possibilities of the integration of electric drives in mobile machinery

Opgenoorth, Andreas; Quabeck, Stefan; Doncker, Rik W. De; Schmitz, Katharina

doi:10.25368/2020.55

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Over and above, Pilot valves have more leakage than direct operated valves [143], respond slowly to pressure buildup [144], and are more complex in structure. And as might be expected, Pilot valves tend to have high power losses due to flow passes through bypass orifices [145,146].…”

Section: Generic Difficulties In Pilot Operated Valvesmentioning

confidence: 80%

A Review of Pilot-operated Hydraulic Valves – Development, Challenges, and a Comparative Study

Elsaed,

Linjama

2023

TJFP

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Hydraulic systems have been widely used due to their high power-to-weight ratio. Despite the growing instances of being superseded by the electromechanical counterparts at low power levels, the market was incapable of presenting alternatives for large-size applications. Additionally, in recent years, the demand for more significant heavy machinery (Mobile & Industrial) has increased, which led to the necessity of even higher flow and pressure Pilot-operated valves, despite the fact that these valves have several issues. One might think the alternative could be developing a hydraulic system that does not rely on Pilot-operated valves, but after decades of research, these systems could not get close to the performance of Pilot-operated Multistage valves. The paper presents a comprehensive study of the progress accomplished from the year 2016 to early 2022 in hydraulic Pilot-operated valves; they are widely employed among ordinary valves, proportional valves, and state-of-the-art digital hydraulics. Higher efficiency will be a primary factor in the success of the new designs. The academia presented several studies to improve the Pilot valves’ performance, but still, they are limited. There are no dramatic developments, and there are only a few upgrades.

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Section: Generic Difficulties In Pilot Operated Valvesmentioning

confidence: 80%

A Review of Pilot-operated Hydraulic Valves – Development, Challenges, and a Comparative Study

Elsaed,

Linjama

2023

TJFP

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“…A common drivetrain topology for excavators is shown in simplified form in Figure 1. It consists of three main parts, the energy source, the energy conversion and the energy output [10,11]. Since electric powertrains have yet not been adapted on a large scale, the diesel internal combustion engine is still the dominant technology for the energy source for Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM) and excavators in particular [12][13][14].…”

Section: Excavator Topologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since electric powertrains have yet not been adapted on a large scale, the diesel internal combustion engine is still the dominant technology for the energy source for Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM) and excavators in particular [12][13][14]. [10] The energy conversion consists of the hydraulic pump(s) and the Main Control Valve (MCV). The pump is powered by the engine and supplies hydraulic energy to the system.…”

Section: Excavator Topologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This conversion powers the linear and rotational movement of the excavator components, enabling its various tasks like digging and grading. [3,10,11] Common systems based on internal combustion engines have proven to be cost effective and reliable in the past [5,15]. Despite this, electrifying mobile machines offers the advantage of using sustainable energy sources by integrating electrical storage or conversion systems like batteries or fuel cells, eliminating or reducing local emissions.…”

Section: Excavator Topologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Automated System Synthesis for Electrified Mobile Machinery

Sender,

Opgenoorth,

Schmitz

2024

14th International Fluid Power Conference

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The electrification of mobile machines leads to new drive solutions. Not only the electric drive components are newly deployed, but also the mechanical and hydraulic drive components can be utilized in a new or different way. This allows more efficient systems to be built and new advantages to be exploited. Conventional development processes require the developer to select a specific drive concept to be investigated at an early stage. The drive concept is then examined by means of simulations and/or experimental tests. The suitability of the drive system for the application is only evaluated after its detailed investigation and an iterative process. The overall process leads to a high effort and requires a large amount of time. Thus, it is economically not possible to evaluate many different system combinations with conventional methods. This paper proposes a tool to improve the development process. A methodology for an automated drive system evaluation is presented both structurally and in terms of how individual components are modelled. The methodology aims to deduce functioning system topologies based on load cycles. An analysis on the influence of different load cycles is therefore conducted.

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“…Decentralized architectures are the most convenient in terms of energy efficiency and capability of recovering energy from overrunning loads, 4 but centralized architectures are more conventional having advantages in terms of cost, installed power, and technical feasibility. In centralized hydraulic systems, ePumps can be viewed as a replacement of the pump connected to the ICE as shown in Gottberg et al, 5 or even integrated as a combination with a diesel engine as presented in Opgenoorth et al 6 It is worth noting that engine‐driven off‐road vehicles often use multiple pumps, typically two or more, even in centralized architectures. However, ePumps are even more attractive to implement decentralized architectures in electric vehicles, where multiple EMs can be installed to promote energy efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric machine sizing consideration for ePumps in mobile hydraulics

Assaf,

Sarode,

Vacca

et al. 2023

Energy Science & Engineering

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Environmental concerns have pushed toward electrified technologies for off‐road vehicle actuations that can lower greenhouse gas emissions and reduce energy consumption. Replacing a central diesel engine with a dedicated electric machine (EM) as a prime mover for the hydraulic supply offers several opportunities for so‐called ePumps (aka electric‐driven pumps) to maximize energy efficiency and limit the usage of electric materials. This paper discusses the impact of different choices for the ePumps architecture (i.e., fixed vs. variable displacement pump; variable speed vs. fixed speed electrical machine), and on their main design parameters in terms of size and efficiency. Although the procedure followed in the study could be extended to different types of electric and hydraulic units, the paper particularly considers ePumps based on permanent magnet synchronous machines combined with axial piston machines. The importance of properly considering the ePump drive cycle and its cooling requirements is taken into account while addressing energy efficiency, mass, and overall compactness of the solution. The results show that an ePump based on a variable displacement pump, when compared to fixed displacement ePumps, reduces the electrical machine size both in volume and mass up to 40%, when the high‐pressure demand is not combined with high flow rate demand, thus decreasing the cost of the EM. In all drive cycles, the variable speed EM–fixed displacement pump architecture has a higher efficiency, ranging from 1% to 5%, compared to the case of fixed speed EM–variable displacement pump. Finally, the paper compares the advantages and shortcomings of each ePump architecture presented, based on representative drive cycles.

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Challenges and possibilities of the integration of electric drives in mobile machinery

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

A Review of Pilot-operated Hydraulic Valves – Development, Challenges, and a Comparative Study

A Review of Pilot-operated Hydraulic Valves – Development, Challenges, and a Comparative Study

Automated System Synthesis for Electrified Mobile Machinery

Electric machine sizing consideration for ePumps in mobile hydraulics

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