Challenges and potentials for visible light communications: State of the art

Abstract

Abstract. Visible Light Communication is the emerging field in the area of Indoor Optical Wireless Communication which uses white light LEDs for transmitting data and light simultaneously. LEDs can be modulated at very high speeds which increases its efficiency and enabling it for the dual purposes of data communication and illumination simultaneously. Radio Frequency have some limitations which is not at par with the current demand of bandwidth but using visible light, it is possible to achieve higher data rates per user. In this paper, we discuss some challenges, potentials and possible future applications for this new technology. Basically, visible light communication is for indoor application capable of multiuser access. We also design a very basic illumination pattern inside a room using uniform power distribution.

Ecotoxicology: A Review of Pesticides Induced Toxicity in Fish

“…Certain other studies also support the toxic effects of pesticides in various tissues and organs of different fish, such as atrazine to Labeo rohita ( Jayachandran and Pugazhendy, 2009), Cypermethrin to Tor putitora (Ullah et al, 2014d), Corydoras melanistius (Santos et al, 2012), dimethoate to Putius ticto (Marutirao, 2012), hostathion to Channa gachua ( Jha et al, 2014), malathion to Heteropnuestes fossilis (Adhikar et al, 1998) and many other such studies support these histopathological changes (Anees, 1976;Kumaraguru et al, 1982;Arora and Kulreshta, 1984;Bakthavathsalam et al, 1984;Karlsson-Norrgren et al, 1985;Anitakumari and Ramkumar, 1995;Vijaylakshmi and Tilak, 1996;Das and Mukerjee, 2000 and Unlu, 2002;Parashar and Banerjee, 2002;Johal et al, 2007;Kunjamma et al, 2008;Velmurugan et al, 2009;Ba-Omar et al, 2011;Rani and Venkataramana, 2012 (Satyanarayan et al, 2004), Tor putitora (Ullah et al, 2014d), Oreochromis mossambicus due to potassium chlorate and potassium dichromate (Sivanatarajan and Sivaramakrishnan, 2013) and lead ( James et al, 1993), Onchorhynchus mykiss (Saeedi et al, 2012) and Cyprinus carpio (Svoboda et al, 2001) in response to Diazinon, Mystus keletius to methyl parathion (Sampath et al, 2003), Channa punctatus (Abidi and Shrivastava, 1980) and Ophiocephalus punctatus (Agrawal and Tyagi, 1988) to endosulfan, Labeo rohita to Cypermethrin (Adhikari et al, 2004), chlordane caused chronic disfunction of hemopoietic system in Labeo rohita (Bansal et al, 1979), and dimecron (Anandkumar et al, 2001) and endosulfan …”

Design and analysis of an optical camera communication system for underwater applications

“…At the transmitter, the light intensity of the LEDs is modulated depending on the data to be transmitted. At the receiver, in traditional VLC systems, photo detectors are used, and by evaluating the received power using photon counting, the received data are analysed for decoding [1,2,[5][6][7][8]. Considerable research effort has been concentrated towards VLC by the research community in realising terrestrial VLC systems, and even the upcoming 5G technology has acknowledged its importance [9].…”

“…where γ 1 is a value which is 0 < γ 1 < 1. The size w was selected as in (8) in a way such that, the adjacent squares of size w × w will not overlap. Here…”

Secrecy Performance of Decode-and-Forward Based Hybrid RF/VLC Relaying Systems

“…This large amount of free bandwidth along with the low complexity of developing the VLC system positioned the technology as a promising alternative for the RF [8]. However, VLC has its own limitations including low coverage and unreliability in the absence of line-of-sight (LOS) [9]. The aforementioned issues can be solved by integrating the both RF and VLC technologies into one hybrid system (known as hybrid RF/VLC) [10]- [13].…”