Challenges and recent advancements in the transformation of CO₂into carboxylic acids: straightforward assembly with homogeneous 3d metals

Abstract

Transformation of carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable organic carboxylic acids is essential for maintaining sustainability. In this review, such CO2 thermo-, photo- and electrochemical transformations under 3d-transition metal catalysis are described from 2017 until 2022.

Dual Nickel Photocatalysis for O-Aryl Carbamate Synthesis from Carbon Dioxide

“…Recently, dual nickel photocatalysis has attracted attention in heteroatom–carbon coupling reactions of aryl (pseudo)­halides with various nucleophiles, such as amines, alcohols, carboxylic acids, amides, and thiols . Photocatalysis has been typically conducted at moderate temperatures, which we reasoned would enable CO 2 -based synthesis of O -aryl carbamates at ambient pressure, while simultaneously providing sufficient driving force to couple the carbamate anion with aryl halides (Scheme D) …”

“… 13 Photocatalysis has been typically conducted at moderate temperatures, which we reasoned would enable CO 2 -based synthesis of O -aryl carbamates at ambient pressure, while simultaneously providing sufficient driving force to couple the carbamate anion with aryl halides ( Scheme 1 D). 14 …”

Integration of CO2capture, activation, and conversion with a ternary acetylglucosyl 2-methyl-imidazolium modified Pd catalyst

“…Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) serves as an inexpensive, abundant, renewable, and environmentally friendly synthetic raw material and a potential source of C1/C2. [1][2][3] Various catalytic systems involving organometallic complexes, 4 metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [5][6][7][8][9] and transition metal catalysts [10][11][12] have been investigated for catalyzing the carboxycyclization of CO 2 and propargyl amines to 2-oxazolidinones (Scheme 1a and b). However, widely used palladium catalysts usually show mediocre performance in this type of reaction.…”

Straightforward Synthesis of Functionalized γ-Lactams using Impure CO2 Stream as the Carbon Source

“…Direct fixation of CO2 into organic molecules for the synthesis of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals is currently an important area. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The main reason behind this aspect is that CO2 is a nontoxic and abundantly available carbon source. Considering this, a plethora of transformations has recently been achieved despite the challenging activation of CO2 molecule due to its high thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness.…”