Challenges Facing CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genome Editing in Plants

Son, Seungmin; Park, Sang Ryeol

doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.902413

Cited by 60 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Among them, SDNs are the most widely used NPBT for a broad range of crops. In particular, development of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) system has ushered in a new era of crop improvement ( Son and Park, 2022 ). Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms and identifying novel genes conferring desired traits are essential for their targeting by NPBTs in plant breeding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change impedes plant immunity mechanisms

Son

Park

2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Rapid climate change caused by human activity is threatening global crop production and food security worldwide. In particular, the emergence of new infectious plant pathogens and the geographical expansion of plant disease incidence result in serious yield losses of major crops annually. Since climate change has accelerated recently and is expected to worsen in the future, we have reached an inflection point where comprehensive preparations to cope with the upcoming crisis can no longer be delayed. Development of new plant breeding technologies including site-directed nucleases offers the opportunity to mitigate the effects of the changing climate. Therefore, understanding the effects of climate change on plant innate immunity and identification of elite genes conferring disease resistance are crucial for the engineering of new crop cultivars and plant improvement strategies. Here, we summarize and discuss the effects of major environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration on plant immunity systems. This review provides a strategy for securing crop-based nutrition against severe pathogen attacks in the era of climate change.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change impedes plant immunity mechanisms

Son

Park

2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…The severity of drought stress is expected to increase due to climate change. To mitigate the effect of drought on crop production, drought-resistant crops can now be bred through the use of plant breeding technologies based on site-specific nucleases [ 26 ]. Therefore, the identification of TFs coordinating the expression of genes involved in drought responses is important for crop improvement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OsWRKY114 Negatively Regulates Drought Tolerance by Restricting Stomatal Closure in Rice

Song

Son

Lee

et al. 2022

Plants

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The WRKY family of transcription factors plays a pivotal role in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress. The WRKY Group III transcription factor OsWRKY114 is a positive regulator of innate immunity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae; however, its role in abiotic stress responses is largely unknown. In this study, we showed that the abundant OsWRKY114 transcripts present in transgenic rice plants are reduced under drought conditions. The overexpression of OsWRKY114 significantly increased drought sensitivity in rice, which resulted in a lower survival rate after drought stress. Moreover, we showed that stomatal closure, which is a strategy to save water under drought, is restricted in OsWRKY114-overexpressing plants compared with wild-type plants. The expression levels of PYR/PYL/RCAR genes, such as OsPYL2 and OsPYL10 that confer drought tolerance through stomatal closure, were also markedly lower in the OsWRKY114-overexpressing plants. Taken together, these results suggest that OsWRKY114 negatively regulates plant tolerance of drought stress via inhibition of stomatal closure, which would otherwise prevent water loss in rice.

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“…However, gene knockout needs to be improved. The knockout efficiency is not high, and the available target gene is limited [ 21 , 22 ]. When further considering the number of regulations of genes, multiple gene overexpression is common.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Lipids in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by Multiple Regulations of DOF, LACS2, and CIS1

Jia

Yin

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Microalgal lipids are essential for biofuel and dietary supplement production. Lipid engineering for higher production has been studied for years. However, due to the complexity of lipid metabolism, single-gene engineering gradually encounters bottlenecks. Multiple gene regulation is more beneficial to boosting lipid accumulation and further clarifying the complex regulatory mechanism of lipid biosynthesis in the homeostasis of lipids, carbohydrates, and protein metabolism. Here, three lipid-related genes, DOF, LACS2, and CIS, were co-regulated in Chlamydomonas reinhartii by two circles of transformation to overexpress DOF and knock down LACS2 and CIS simultaneously. With the multiple regulations of these genes, the intracellular lipids and FA content increased by 142% and 52%, respectively, compared with CC849, whereas the starch and protein contents decreased by 45% and 24%. Transcriptomic analysis showed that genes in TAG and FA biosynthesis were up-regulated, and genes in starch and protein metabolism were down-regulated. This revealed that more carbon precursor fluxes from starch and protein metabolism were redirected towards lipid synthesis pathways. These results showed that regulating genes in various metabolisms contributed to carbon flux redirection and significantly improved intracellular lipids, demonstrating the potential of multiple gene regulation strategies and providing possible candidates for lipid overproduction in microalgae.

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Challenges Facing CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genome Editing in Plants

Cited by 60 publications

References 132 publications

Climate change impedes plant immunity mechanisms

Climate change impedes plant immunity mechanisms

OsWRKY114 Negatively Regulates Drought Tolerance by Restricting Stomatal Closure in Rice

Increased Lipids in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by Multiple Regulations of DOF, LACS2, and CIS1

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