“…This resulted in an integrated bibliographic database; and an integrated systems with each university's libraries by 1999 which means now all Malaysian university libraries provide EIRs facilities to all students (Dollah & Singh, 2012). By 1996, Malaysian universities were attracting international students from South Asia, West Asia or Middle East, Africa, and the Eastern European Block (Mustafa & Ilias 2013;Mahmud, Amat, Rahman, & Noriah, 2010). This is in stark contrast to Afghanistan, in which Suroush (2015) confirmed "as there is no internet, the Kabul Public Library does not provide any online library service.…”