Challenges in anti‐aging medicine–trends in biomarker discovery and therapeutic interventions for a healthy lifespan

Abstract

We are facing a growing aging population, along with increasing pressure on health systems, caused by the impact of chronic co‐morbidities (i.e. cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases) and functional disabilities as people age. Relatively simple preventive lifestyle interventions, such as dietary restriction and physical exercise, are important contributors to active and healthy aging in the general population. However, as shown in model organisms or in 'in vitro' conditions, lifestyle‐independent interventions may have additional health benefits and can even be conceived as possible reversers of the aging process. Thus, pharmaceutical laboratories, research institutes, and universities are putting more and more effort into finding new molecular pathways and druggable targets to develop gerotherapeutics. One approach is to target the driving mechanisms of aging, some of which, like cellular senescence and impaired autophagy, we discussed in an update on the biology of aging at AgingFit 2023 in Lille, France. We underline the importance of carefully and extensively testing senotherapeutics, given the pleiotropism and heterogeneity of targeted senescent cells within different organs, at different time frames. Other druggable targets emerging from new putative mechanisms, like those based on transcriptome imbalance, nucleophagy, protein phosphatase depletion, glutamine metabolism, or seno‐antigenicity, have been evidenced by recent preclinical studies in classical models of aging but need to be validated in humans. Finally, we highlight several approaches in the discovery of biomarkers of healthy aging, as well as for the prediction of neurodegenerative diseases and the evaluation of rejuvenation strategies.

Enteric Nervous System Alterations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Perspectives and Implications

“…Therefore, in the case of an IBD patient showing enteric gliosis, specific treatment options focused at targeting this issue might be helpful in reducing the risk of IBD flare-ups and IBD-associated chronic GI tract inflammation (Figure 2). Particularly, senescent and SASP EGCs can be specifically targeted using serotherapeutic approaches [99][100][101] including (a) senolytics, (b) senomorphics, and (c) SASP neutralizing antibodies (SNmAb). Senolytic agents can selectively induce death of senescent cells, whereas senomorphics are known to block the acquisition of SASP and production of inflammatory cytokines from senescent cells.…”

“…Senolytic agents can selectively induce death of senescent cells, whereas senomorphics are known to block the acquisition of SASP and production of inflammatory cytokines from senescent cells. Another alternative strategy is the use of a SASP neutralizing antibody (SNmAb) cocktail [99][100][101][102] that requires identification and neutralization of EGC-released SASP factor. Recently, a pro-inflammatory cytokine and a designated SASP factor, i.e., interleukin-1 (IL1), has been implicated in EGC activation and the onset of enteric gliosis, as well as in IBD [65,103].…”

Effectiveness of Applying Anti-Aging Cream with Lemon Peel Extract (Citrus Limon) in Inhibiting the Skin Aging Process of Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) Exposed to Ultra Violet-B Rays

“…Antiaging skincare is becoming popular, especially among women, to treat these skin issues [2]. Bleach is also used to brighten and cure dry skin.Senescence, or a decline in biological function and metabolic stress adaptation, results from aging [3]. Aging occurs in cells, organs, or the whole body.…”

The Effect of Giving Aloe Vera Gel on Collagen Growth in Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) with Exposure to Ultra Violet-B Light

“…Medical science has a new discipline, AAM. AAM believes aging can be delayed, slowed, or reversed into a healthier state [6], [7]. Nobody can prevent aging.…”