Challenges in Controlling the Crystallization Pathways and Kinetics for Highly Reproducible Solution-Processing of Metal Halide Perovskites

Stability of CsPbI3 with divalent cations incorporated via mechanochemical alloying

“…To incorporate alternative elements into CsPbI 3 structures, the standard liquid-based synthesis methods often introduce complex variables like solubility, choice of solvent, stabilizing agents, and temperature control. 26 These factors can significantly affect the final structure and composition of the product. 27 To avoid these issues, alternative synthesis methods to achieve materials that are structurally close to cubic CsPbI 3 are currently being investigated.…”

A comparison of molecular iodine evolution on the chemistry of lead and tin perovskites

“…101,102 The formation of these iodoplumbate colloids is often controlled within the literature via molecules with Lewis basicity, which displace I − as ligands on the Pb 2+ centres. 103,104 To this extent, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) has become widely prevalent as a co-solvent within the literature owing to its high Gutmann donor number, consequently reducing the number of higher-order polyiodides and slowing crystallisation. 104–106 However, in the presence of excess iodine, the formation of higher coordination lead complexes becomes favoured reducing the efficacy of Lewis base additives.…”

“…107,108 As such the presence of iodine in the precursor can strongly influence the perovskite morphology, which in turn can influence the stability. 103,105,108,109…”

Unraveling Halogen Role in Two-Step Solution Growth of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Mixed-Halide Perovskites: Guidelines of Fabricating Single-Phase Perovskites with Predictable Stoichiometry

“…and susceptibility to external stresses (moisture, heat, radiation, and electric field), , resulting in short device lifetime. − Moreover, the material imperfections and external stresses are entangled and effectively enforce each other. Many recent researches have been engaged to develop new material growth procedures , to minimize the intrinsic material imperfections so that the cascaded degradation processes would not start at the outset, but they mostly rely on speculations and trial-and-error approaches because of limited knowledge in actual happenings during material growth …”