Challenges in diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in elderly

Miliary nodules with recurrent air leaks in a child: A mystery

“…Miliary tuberculosis is known to present with diverse clinical manifestations 1 . Patients usually present with anorexia, fever, weight loss and a majority have chest signs with organomegaly or neurological signs due to disseminated nature of the disease 1 .…”

“…Miliary tuberculosis is known to present with diverse clinical manifestations 1 . Patients usually present with anorexia, fever, weight loss and a majority have chest signs with organomegaly or neurological signs due to disseminated nature of the disease 1 . CNS involvement is often seen in miliary tuberculosis due to the progressive dissemination of the disease with an incidence of 20% in paediatric patients.…”

“…Apart from tuberculosis many other infections (histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, nocardiosis, etc. ), malignancies (metastatic carcinoma, bronchoalveolar carcinoma) and Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis may have miliary pattern in chest radiography 1 …”

Miliary Tuberculosis: A Descriptive Study in West Gujarat

“…Previous studies reported an underlying disorder making the host vulnerable to miliary TB (HIV infection, collagen-vascular disorder, diabetes mellitus, neoplasm, chronic renal failure, pregnancy, steroid use, and alcoholism) in nearly half (30%-66%) of the cases. The mortality rate is -25% (14%-30%), and seemed to remain unchanged during last 25 years (3) .…”

“…Miliary TB is a fatal form of disseminated TB that results from a massive lymphohematogeneous dissemination from a Mycobacterium tuberculosis laden focus (3) Radiologically, the miliary pattern has been defined as "a collection of tiny discrete pulmonary opacities that are generally uniform in size and widespread in distribution, each of which measures 2 mm or less in diameter" (4) .…”