Challenges in English Language Teaching and Learning in the 21st Century

Abstract

Environmental factors' influence on the exchange of goods and services across countries cannot be quantified. The study examined the effect of environmental factors on international trade by viewing of political, economic, social, and technological forces on global trade flow in Nigeria. The uniqueness of the study was the concentration on the trend of political factors such as tariff and government expenditure, economic factors such as exchange rate and inflation rate, social factors such as population rate and education level and technological elements such as electricity consumption and their impact on international trade in Nigerian economy from the period of 1997 to 2017. This quantitative method was adopted using secondary data and Regression Analysis, and Granger Causality Walds Test was used to explore the relationship among identifiable. At a significance level of 0.05, the F-statistics is 8.18 while the p-value of the F-statistics is 0.0002, which is less than 0.05. This implies that the combination of the independent variables significantly influences the balance of payment.

Evaluation of English Language Material for the 9th Grader Student at SMP Nurul Islam Ngemplak Boyolali

“…This requires teachers to be aware of the use of global social networks to promote language learning. Raghul and Rajkumar (2018) argue for the importance of using technologies such as computer-assisted language learning (CALL), MALL (mobile-assisted language learning), media such as audio, video, graphic images, software, projectors and social media such as WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter to integrate the four skills in language teaching. Similarly, Urun (2015) supports this idea by explaining the importance of audio-visual materials such as videos, PowerPoint slides and the use of computers as essential for integrating the four skills into language learning.…”