Challenges in global ballast water management

Endresen, Øyvind; Behrens, Hanna Lee; Brynestad, Sigrid; Andersen, Aage Bjørn; Skjong, Rolf

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.01.016

Cited by 175 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Ballast water (BW) is recognized as the most significant of these vectors (Molnar et al, 2008). Approximately 2.2 to 12 billion tonnes of BW are transported across the world oceans annually (Endresen et al, 2004), transferring some 7000 species daily in the process (Gollasch & David, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis for detection of multiple fouling events: a pilot study of barnacles at Moorea Island (French Polynesia)

Ardura

Planes

García‐Vázquez

2016

Crustac

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis for detection of multiple fouling events: a pilot study of barnacles at Moorea Island (French Polynesia)

Ardura

Planes

García‐Vázquez

2016

Crustac

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“…Organisms are also transferred on the outer surfaces of vessels (Coutts 1999;Gollasch 2002;Fofonoff et al 2003;Minchin & Gollasch 2003). For any transfer mechanism (vector), understanding how propagule supply varies in space and time is of critical importance for advancing predictive capacity and implementing effective management strategies (Williamson 1996;Drake & Lodge 2004;Endresen et al 2004). Propagule supply is characterized not only by size (density or total number), but also by frequency and duration of inoculation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supply-side invasion ecology: characterizing propagule pressure in coastal ecosystems

et al. 2005

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The observed rates and deleterious impacts of biological invasions have caused significant alarm in recent years, driving efforts to reduce the risk (establishment) of new introductions. Characterizing the supply of propagules is key to understanding invasion risk and developing effective management strategies. In coastal ecosystems, ships' ballast water is an important transfer mechanism (vector) for marine and freshwater species. Commercial ships exhibit a high degree of variation in ballast water operations that affect both the quantity and quality of propagule supply, and thereby invasion risk. The per-ship inoculation size from ballast water depends upon both the volume discharged and the organism density. Moreover, propagule quality will vary among source regions (ports) and voyage routes, due to differences in species composition and transport conditions, respectively. We show that significant differences exist in (i) the frequency and volume of ballast water discharge among vessel types, (ii) the frequency of vessel types and routes (source regions) among recipient ports, and (iii) the transit success (survivorship) of zooplankton in ballast tanks among voyage routes. Thus, propagule supply is not a simple function of total ship arrivals. For ships, as well as other vectors, variation in propagule quantity and quality must be explicitly considered to estimate invasion risk and advance predictive ability.

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“…Given that many power plants are located near coastal regions due to the use of seawater as a coolant, fouling organisms such as barnacles, oysters, and bryozoans often colonize surfaces in their coolant systems, which then interfere with water flow and heat transfer efficiency (Taylor 2006, Polman et al 2013. Moreover, the number of large transport vessels has expanded on the world's oceans due to increased global economic activity, resulting in approximately 3,500 mega tons of ballast water being used globally each year for stability and maneuverability of ships during voyages (Endresen et al 2004). As a result, many exotic marine species have invaded new coastal regions through ballast water, causing serious disturbances to marine ecosystems (Gray et al 2006, Smayda 2007.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effects of elevated carbon dioxide and sodium hypochlorite on survival and impairment of three phytoplankton species

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

et al. 2013

ALGAE

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Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is widely used to disinfect seawater in power plant cooling systems in order to reduce biofouling, and in ballast water treatment systems to prevent transport of exotic marine species. While the toxicity of NaOCl is expected to increase by ongoing ocean acidification, and many experimental studies have shown how algal calcification, photosynthesis and growth respond to ocean acidification, no studies have investigated the relationship between NaOCl toxicity and increased CO 2 . Therefore, we investigated whether the impacts of NaOCl on survival, chlorophyll a (Chl-a), and effective quantum yield in three marine phytoplankton belonging to different taxonomic classes are increased under high CO 2 levels. Our results show that all biological parameters of the three species decreased under increasing NaOCl concentration, but increasing CO 2 concentration alone (from 450 to 715 μatm) had no effect on any of these parameters in the organisms. However, due to the synergistic effects between NaOCl and CO 2 , the survival and Chl-a content in two of the species, Thalassiosira eccentrica and Heterosigma akashiwo, were significantly reduced under high CO 2 when NaOCl was also elevated. The results show that combined exposure to high CO 2 and NaOCl results in increasing toxicity of NaOCl in some marine phytoplankton. Consequently, greater caution with use of NaOCl will be required, as its use is widespread in coastal waters.

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Challenges in global ballast water management

Cited by 175 publications

References 9 publications

Phylogenetic analysis for detection of multiple fouling events: a pilot study of barnacles at Moorea Island (French Polynesia)

Phylogenetic analysis for detection of multiple fouling events: a pilot study of barnacles at Moorea Island (French Polynesia)

Supply-side invasion ecology: characterizing propagule pressure in coastal ecosystems

Synergistic effects of elevated carbon dioxide and sodium hypochlorite on survival and impairment of three phytoplankton species

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