Challenges in minimizing the adverse effects of cannabis use after legalization

Hall, Wayne

doi:10.1007/s00127-015-1067-5

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Further, the therapeutic benefits of cannabis are gaining traction, most recently as an opioid replacement therapy 74 . However, previous studies, including analyses of the CHDS cohort, have reported an association between cannabis use and poor health outcomes, particularly in youth 75,76 . Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, provide the interface between the environment (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of heavy cannabis exposure in a New Zealand longitudinal cohort

et al. 2020

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Cannabis use is of increasing public health interest globally. Here we examined the effect of heavy cannabis use, with and without tobacco, on genome-wide DNA methylation in a longitudinal birth cohort (Christchurch Health and Development Study, CHDS). A total of 48 heavy cannabis users were selected from the CHDS cohort, on the basis of their adult exposure to cannabis and tobacco, and DNA methylation assessed from whole blood samples, collected at approximately age 28. Methylation in heavy cannabis users was assessed, relative to non-users (n = 48 controls) via the Illumina Infinium® MethylationEPIC BeadChip. We found the most differentially methylated sites in cannabis with tobacco users were in the AHRR and F2RL3 genes, replicating previous studies on the effects of tobacco. Cannabis-only users had no evidence of differential methylation in these genes, or at any other loci at the epigenome-wide significance level (P < 10 −7). However, there were 521 sites differentially methylated at P < 0.001 which were enriched for genes involved in neuronal signalling (glutamatergic synapse and long-term potentiation) and cardiomyopathy. Further, the most differentially methylated loci were associated with genes with reported roles in brain function (e.g. TMEM190, MUC3L, CDC20 and SP9). We conclude that the effects of cannabis use on the mature human blood methylome differ from, and are less pronounced than, the effects of tobacco use, and that larger sample sizes are required to investigate this further.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of heavy cannabis exposure in a New Zealand longitudinal cohort

et al. 2020

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“…12 The consequences of legalisation of cannabis use therefore make it difficult to minimise the adverse effects of the drug. 13…”

Section: Why the Legalisation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social and public health implications of the legalisation of recreational cannabis: A literature review

Mokwena

2019

Afr. j. prim. health care fam. med.

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BackgroundAfter many years of legal struggles for the legalisation of recreational use of cannabis, the Constitutional Court of South Africa ruled in favour of the applicants in September 2018. Although the ruling issued caution regarding the social challenges accompanying this legalisation, it did not address how the country would deal with the societal consequences of this ruling.AimThe aim of this article was to discuss the social and public health implications of the legalisation of recreational cannabis on South Africa.MethodsLiterature review on the social, health and legal impacts of legalisation of cannabis, considering experiences of other countries that have legalised cannabis.ResultsThe legalisation brings a range of significant negative consequences, which include an expected increase in the number of users and the subsequent undesirable effects on the physical, mental and social health of communities.ConclusionIn terms of financial, infrastructural and human resources, South Africa cannot afford the consequences of the legalisation of recreational cannabis. Poor communities, children and the youth will carry the brunt of the scourge of cannabis use.

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“…In view of recent and impending revisions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and International Classification of Diseases as well as movements towards non-binary classifications of psychiatric phenomena, the series then addressed current challenges in diagnostic classification in psychiatry [15–19], reviewing the enduring challenge of high comorbidity rates [19], methodological considerations in the use of latent variable models of psychopathology [16], and the evidence on transdiagnostic factors [17, 18] that may underlie individual common mental disorders [17, 18], personality disorders [18], and psychotic disorders [18, 20–22]. This was followed by reviews pulling together and discussing key findings from major epidemiological studies in the context of new challenges in the field and directions for future research [23–30]. It is abundantly clear, particularly from large-scale epidemiological studies, that the origins of most mental health problems trace back to childhood and adolescence [1] and the series continued with reviews and commentaries on youth mental health [31–36], including key findings from developmental epidemiology [32–34], protective and promotive factors [31], and the ongoing youth mental health reform in several countries [35, 36].…”

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confidence: 99%

Novel methods in psychiatric epidemiology

Reininghaus

Keyes

Morgan

2016

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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, SPPE began to publish a series of reviews, editorials, and commentaries with the goal of synthesising evidence and providing a platform for discussing and advancing the state of the art in social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology. More than 2 years into these series, it is useful to take stock, look back, and provide an overview of what comes next.The series set off to synthesise and discuss evidence on the biological and psychological mechanisms through which social contexts and experiences increase risk of adverse mental health outcomes [1,2], reflecting the recent shift in theoretical and measurement foundations towards integrated models of aetiology. This included reviews and commentaries on gene-environment interactions [3][4][5][6] and on epigenetic [7,8], inflammatory [9,10], cognitive, affective [11][12][13], and neurobiological mechanisms [14] through which stress, adversity, and other key socio-environmental exposures may affect mental health. These reviews and commentaries highlight the rapid technological and subsequent scientific advances in psychiatry in uncovering mechanisms that underlie the epidemiological associations between adversity and illness that have been documented, since the advent of psychiatric epidemiology, yet also reveal a paradigm shift in its beginning stages of formation. In view of recent and impending revisions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and International Classification of Diseases as well as movements towards non-binary classifications of psychiatric phenomena, the series then addressed current challenges in diagnostic classification in psychiatry [15][16][17][18][19], reviewing the enduring challenge of high comorbidity rates [19], methodological considerations in the use of latent variable models of psychopathology [16], and the evidence on transdiagnostic factors [17,18] that may underlie individual common mental disorders [17,18], personality disorders [18], and psychotic disorders [18,[20][21][22]. This was followed by reviews pulling together and discussing key findings from major epidemiological studies in the context of new challenges in the field and directions for future research [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. It is abundantly clear, particularly from large-scale epidemiological studies, that the origins of most mental health problems trace back to childhood and adolescence [1] and the series continued with reviews and commentaries on youth mental health [31][32][33][34][35][36], including key findings from developmental epidemiology [32][33][34], protective and promotive factors [31], and the ongoing youth mental health reform in several countries [35,36]. These reviews and commentaries testify to the continued value and vigour of social epidemiological research in mental health. However, there are of course challenges that remain to be addressed. The rapid advances in design, measurement, and statistics are often difficult to convey to a wider research audience and considered in isolation [39]. While there has been a ...

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Challenges in minimizing the adverse effects of cannabis use after legalization

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of heavy cannabis exposure in a New Zealand longitudinal cohort

Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of heavy cannabis exposure in a New Zealand longitudinal cohort

Social and public health implications of the legalisation of recreational cannabis: A literature review

Novel methods in psychiatric epidemiology

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