Challenges in Treating Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer

Chen, Shang-Hung; Cheung, Chun Hei Antonio

doi:10.5772/intechopen.79263

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Expressions of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2 are used to subgroup breast cancer cases. Currently, salvage therapy for breast cancer patients includes fulvestrant (selective ER downregulators) [ 1 , 2 ], cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors [ 3 ], aromatase inhibitors combined with everolimus (a mammalian analog of rapamycin which acts as a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor) [ 4 ], and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors [ 5 ]. High expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 was detected in nearly 70% of metastatic breast cancer patients, and treatment with a selective inhibitor improved apoptosis in a preclinical model of breast cancer [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognoses and genomic analyses of proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase (PSMC) family genes in clinical breast cancer

Kao

Phan

et al. 2021

Aging

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Breast cancer is a complex disease, and several processes are involved in its development. Therefore, potential therapeutic targets need to be discovered for these patients. Proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase gene (PSMC) family members are well reported to be involved in protein degradation. However, their roles in breast cancer are still unknown and need to be comprehensively researched. Leveraging publicly available databases, such as cBioPortal and Oncomine, for high-throughput transcriptomic profiling to provide evidence-based targets for breast cancer is a rapid and robust approach. By integrating the aforementioned databases with the Kaplan–Meier plotter database, we investigated potential roles of six PSMC family members in breast cancer at the messenger RNA level and their correlations with patient survival. The present findings showed significantly higher expression profiles of PSMC2, PSMC3, PSMC4, PSMC5, and PSMC6 in breast cancer compared to normal breast tissues. Besides, positive correlations were also revealed between PSMC family genes and ubiquinone metabolism, cell cycle, and cytoskeletal remodeling. Meanwhile, we discovered that high levels of PSMC1, PSMC3, PSMC4, PSMC5, and PSMC6 transcripts were positively correlated with poor survival, which likely shows their importance in breast cancer development. Collectively, PSMC family members have the potential to be novel and essential prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognoses and genomic analyses of proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase (PSMC) family genes in clinical breast cancer

Kao

Phan

et al. 2021

Aging

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show abstract

“…Breast cancer is subtyped by the expression levels of the estrogen receptor (ER, the gene of which is named ESR1 ), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2. Many genetic therapies are applied to breast cancer patients, such as fulvestrant [ 2 , 3 ], cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors [ 4 ], aromatase-related inhibitors [ 5 ], and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors [ 6 ]. It has been reported that 70% of metastatic breast cancer cases have high expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Dipeptidyl Peptidase (DPP) Family Genes in Clinical Breast Cancer Patients via an Integrated Bioinformatics Approach

et al. 2021

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Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease involving complex interactions of biological processes; thus, it is important to develop therapeutic biomarkers for treatment. Members of the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) family are metalloproteases that specifically cleave dipeptides. This family comprises seven members, including DPP3, DPP4, DPP6, DPP7, DPP8, DPP9, and DPP10; however, information on the involvement of DPPs in breast cancer is lacking in the literature. As such, we aimed to study their roles in this cancerous disease using publicly available databases such as cBioportal, Oncomine, and Kaplan–Meier Plotter. These databases comprise comprehensive high-throughput transcriptomic profiles of breast cancer across multiple datasets. Furthermore, together with investigating the messenger RNA expression levels of these genes, we also aimed to correlate these expression levels with breast cancer patient survival. The results showed that DPP3 and DPP9 had significantly high expression profiles in breast cancer tissues relative to normal breast tissues. High expression levels of DPP3 and DPP4 were associated with poor survival of breast cancer patients, whereas high expression levels of DPP6, DPP7, DPP8, and DPP9 were associated with good prognoses. Additionally, positive correlations were also revealed of DPP family genes with the cell cycle, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, kappa-type opioid receptor, and immune response signaling, such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL6, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interferon (IFN)-alpha/beta. Collectively, DPP family members, especially DPP3, may serve as essential prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer.

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“…Up to 80% of breast cancer cases are classified as ER-positive (ER + ), which highlights the significance of estrogen-related signaling in breast cancer [ 2 , 3 ]. Currently, first-line salvage therapy for tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer patients includes fulvestrant (a selective ER down-regulator) [ 4 , 5 ], cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors [ 6 ], aromatase inhibitors, everolimus (a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor) [ 7 ], and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors [ 8 ]. However, resistance to these salvage therapies ultimately develops, and patients die from their cancer [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CCDC167 as a potential therapeutic target and regulator of cell cycle-related networks in breast cancer

Chen

Hsu

Phan

et al. 2021

Aging

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According to cancer statistics reported in 2020, breast cancer constitutes 30% of new cancer cases diagnosed in American women. Histological markers of breast cancer are expressions of the estrogen receptor (ER), the progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2. Up to 80% of breast cancers are grouped as ER-positive, which implies a crucial role for estrogen in breast cancer development. Therefore, identifying potential therapeutic targets and investigating their downstream pathways and networks are extremely important for drug development in these patients. Through high-throughput technology and bioinformatics screening, we revealed that coiled-coil domain-containing protein 167 (CCDC167) was upregulated in different types of tumors; however, the role of CCDC167 in the development of breast cancer still remains unclear. Integrating many kinds of databases including ONCOMINE, MetaCore, IPA, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter, we found that high expression levels of CCDC167 predicted poor prognoses of breast cancer patients. Knockdown of CCDC167 attenuated aggressive breast cancer growth and proliferation. We also demonstrated that treatment with fluorouracil, carboplatin, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin resulted in decreased expression of CCDC167 and suppressed growth of MCF-7 cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that CCDC167 has high potential as a therapeutic target for breast cancer.

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Challenges in Treating Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer

Cited by 10 publications

References 63 publications

Prognoses and genomic analyses of proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase (PSMC) family genes in clinical breast cancer

Prognoses and genomic analyses of proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase (PSMC) family genes in clinical breast cancer

Identification of Dipeptidyl Peptidase (DPP) Family Genes in Clinical Breast Cancer Patients via an Integrated Bioinformatics Approach

CCDC167 as a potential therapeutic target and regulator of cell cycle-related networks in breast cancer

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