Challenges of De-radicalization in Pakistan

Abstract

De-radicalization refers to a situation in which a person not only gets radicalized but also follows a route of rhetoric that leads to violent extremism. De-radicalization is the only disease emerging from the turmoil of terrorism. Pakistan is at a crossroads, where religious extremism is thriving every day and the scourge of terrorism is engulfing Pakistan. De-radicalization in the course of counter-terrorism is used as a soft approach without violating the basic ethics of human liberties. Radicalization, intolerance, sectarianism, Islamic militancy, and terrorism are not only spreading quickly over the globe, but they are also negatively impacting Pakistan's social security, religious peace, economics, good governance, democratic reform, and system of education. The study aimed to highlight the gaps and challenges faced by Pakistan during deradicalization.to identify its nature and extent methodological investigation at the local level is accomplished This is a quantitative study to investigate the challenges and strategies for de-radicalization. To gather data primary and secondary sources were used. Pakistan needs to formulate its own, home-based strategies and paths to counter radicalization. Radicalization, administration, extremism, governance, Islamic insurgency, intolerance, violence, and identification are all addressed in this study. The key underlying causes of insurgency and radicalization have been identified, which will aid in the fight against Islamic militancy, radicalism, extremism, and intolerance in Pakistan. The study's findings and recommendations will be used to combat extremism and Islamic insurgency in Pakistan. This work will assist Think Tank experts, scholars, educators, and legislators, who will use the results and suggestions for broader objectives.

Investigation of poultry diseases outbreak in different seasons in Shulgara district of Balkh province

“…Occurrence of CRD was the highest one (23%) in broiler chickens followed by coccidiosis (18%), salmonellosis (12%), ND (10%), enteritis (9%), E. coli infections (7%), IBD, IB (7%), necrotic enteritis (6%) and BP (1%). These findings supports the survey that was conducted by Yunus et [10,15] , Khan et al (2000), Bano et al (2003) [4] and Ahmad et al (2008) [1] . However, no incidence of Newcastle disease was noted at sholgara district from Jan to June 2019.…”

“…Production of broilers also significantly affected by diseases (Chanie, Neqash, and Tilahan 2009) [6] and many of them also have public health hazards (Islam et al 2007;Haider et al, 2008) [9,7] . The major poultry diseases include Newcastle disease (ND), Escherichia coli infections, Infectious coryza, Infectious bronchitis (IB), Coccidiosis, Enteritis, Fowl pox, Salmonellosis, Hydropericardium syndrome (HPS), and Avian Influenza (AI) (Javed et al, 1994;Khan et al, 2000;Bano et al, 2003;Ahmad et al, 2008) [10,13,4,1] . The mortality rate and occurrence of diseases belong to geo-climatic condition, bird's population, management practices, immunization and etc (Ahmed and Hamid, 1992; Ali, 1994) [2,3] .…”

Radicalism in Ali Jinnah's Land, Religion or Group Matters?

“…However, in recent decades, incorrect or extreme interpretations of religion have driven many individuals to engage in radical and terrorist activities. 8 Militant movements such as the Pakistani Taliban and Lashkar-e-Taiba have emerged as significant players in Pakistan's radicalism scene, with their acts of violence threatening domestic security and sending waves of instability across the South Asian region. 9 Terrorist attacks in Pakistan peaked in 2013, with an average of just under four attacks per day and a total death toll of nearly 2,700 people.…”