Challenges of pain assessment in domestic animals

Anil, Sukumarannair; Anil, Leena; Deen, John

doi:10.2460/javma.2002.220.313

Cited by 137 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…7 Three pain scoring systems were used in the present study to compensate for potential inherent flaws in any single pain assessment system. 38 The VAS is a simple way of quantifying a patient' s pain intensity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cold compression therapy on postoperative pain, swelling, range of motion, and lameness after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs

Drygas¹,

McClure²,

Goring³

et al. 2011

javma

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Objective—To evaluate the effect of cold compression therapy (CCT) on postoperative pain, lameness, range of motion of the stifle joint, and swelling following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) in dogs. Design—Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Animals—34 client-owned dogs with unilateral deficiency of a cranial cruciate ligament undergoing TPLO. Procedures—Dogs were assigned to 2 groups. Group 1 (n = 17 dogs) received CCT in the 24-hour period following TPLO. Group 2 (n = 17 dogs) received no CCT. Degree of lameness, range of motion, and circumference of the stifle joint were measured before surgery and 1,14, and 28 days after surgery. A modified composite Glasgow pain scale, visual analogue scale, and pain threshold score were used to evaluate signs of pain before surgery and 1,14, and 28 days after surgery. Logistic regression and linear regression analysis were used to compare the measured variables. Results—No complications were observed, and all dogs tolerated CCT. Use of CCT resulted in lower values for the visual analogue scale and Glasgow pain scale and lower pain threshold scores; lower lameness scores; less swelling; and an increased range of motion 24 hours after surgery. At 14 days after surgery, there were no significant differences between groups. At 28 days after surgery, too few data sets were available for comparison. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—CCT decreased signs of pain, swelling, and lameness and increased stifle joint range of motion in dogs during the first 24 hours after TPLO.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cold compression therapy on postoperative pain, swelling, range of motion, and lameness after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs

Drygas¹,

McClure²,

Goring³

et al. 2011

javma

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“…Previous research has shown that post-mortem analysis is effective in inferring killing potential and time to loss of consciousness and has been used across several species in determining success rates of slaughter and on-farm killing method in livestock species while avoiding ethical concerns associated with the application of new killing methods (Anil et al, 2002;Grandin, 2010;Morzel et al, 2002;Bader et al, 2014). The successful application of cervical dislocation methods is determined by the animal having its neck dislocated and the spinal cord severed (Cartner et al, 2007;Erasmus et al, 2010a;Carbone et al, 2012;Bader et al, 2014), while for concussive (head trauma) devices, there must be sufficient damage (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the potential killing performance of novel percussive and cervical dislocation tools in chicken cadavers

Martin

McKeegan

Sparrey³

et al. 2017

British Poultry Science

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Abstract. 1. Four mechanical poultry killing devices; modified Armadillo (MARM), modified Rabbit Zinger (MZIN), modified pliers (MPLI) and a novel mechanical cervical dislocation gloved device (NMCD), were assessed for their killing potential in the cadavers of euthanised birds of 4 type/age combinations: layer/adult, layer/pullet, broiler/slaughter-age and broiler/chick. 2. A 4x4x4 factorial design (batch x device x bird type + age) was employed. Ten bird cadavers per bird type and age were tested with each of the 4 devices (N = 160 birds). All cadavers were examined post-mortem to establish the anatomical damage caused by each device.3. Three of the mechanical methods: NMCD, MARM and MZIN demonstrated killing potential, as well as consistency in their anatomical effects, with device success rates of over 50% indicating that the devices performed optimally more than half of the time. NMCD had the highest killing potential, with 100% of birds sustaining the required physical trauma to have caused rapid death.4. The MPLI was inconsistent, and only performed optimally for 27.5% of birds, despite good killing potential when performing well. Severe crushing injury was seen in >50% of MPLI birds, suggesting that birds would die of asphyxia rather than cerebral ischaemia, a major welfare concern. As a result, the modified pliers are not recommended as a humane onfarm killing device for chickens.5. This experiment provides important data on the killing potential of untried novel percussive and mechanical cervical dislocation methods, informing future studies.

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“…O manejo de secagem quando realizado de forma abrupta em vacas de alta produção é caracterizado por causar um desconforto pelo acúmulo e vazamento de leite após a secagem, devido à pressão existente dentro do úbere e interrupção da ordenha (Tucker et al, 2007, Leitner et al, 2007 As mudanças comportamentais, como o aumento na frequência de vocalização, redução no consumo de ração, tempo prolongado de repouso e mudanças fisiológicas, como úbere aparentemente inchado no período de secagem foram associados a elevados níveis de cortisol e podem ser sinais de desconforto e dor. Adicionalmente, o aumento da frequência de vocalização pode estar associado com a fome e a experiência de sofrimento durante o manejo (Valizaheh et al, 2008, Anil et al, 2002.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Behavior and welfare of dairy cows submitted to drying: Review

Zanin

Fregonesi²,

Mangilli³

2016

Pubvet

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RESUMO. O manejo de secagem de vacas realizado cerca de sessenta dias antes da data prevista para o parto é considerado de grande importância para a saúde, bem estar, produção de colostro e leite dos bovinos leiteiros. Apesar de sua importância, ainda existe escassez de informações na literatura científica referente a esse procedimento, mesmo sendo uma prática comum nas fazendas. Mudanças comportamentais como o aumento na frequência de vocalizações, redução no consumo de ração, tempo prolongado de repouso e úbere aparentemente inchado no período de secagem, indicam elevados níveis de estresse e podem ser sinais de desconforto e dor. A frequência e intervalo entre ordenhas e estratégias de alimentação são alternativas disponíveis para manipular a produção de leite e o manejo de secagem de vacas leiteiras. O bem estar de animais de produção se tornou uma grande preocupação para a sociedade, portanto, estratégias de secagem devem ser estudadas. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma revisão sobre a importância de um adequado manejo de secagem em relação ao comportamento e bem estar de vacas leiteiras.Palavras chave: fome, lactação, repouso, vocalização.Behavior and welfare of dairy cows submitted to drying: Review ABSTRACT. Drying of cows carried out about sixty days before the expected date of birthing, is considered of great importance to health, welfare and colostrum and milk production of dairy cattle. Despite it is importance, there is little information in the scientific literature on this procedure, even if it is a common practice on farms. Behavioral changes such as increased frequency vocalizations, reduced feed consumption, prolonged lying and udder apparently swollen during drying period, indicate high levels of stress and can to indicate discomfort and pain. The milking frequency and interval, as well as feed strategies are alternative available to manipulate the milk production and drying of cows. The welfare of farm animals has become a major concern for the society, therefore, drying strategies should be studied. Thus, the objective of this study was to review the importance of an adequate drying management regarding the behavior and welfare of dairy cows.

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Challenges of pain assessment in domestic animals

Cited by 137 publications

References 36 publications

Effect of cold compression therapy on postoperative pain, swelling, range of motion, and lameness after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs

Effect of cold compression therapy on postoperative pain, swelling, range of motion, and lameness after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs

Evaluation of the potential killing performance of novel percussive and cervical dislocation tools in chicken cadavers

Behavior and welfare of dairy cows submitted to drying: Review

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