Challenges of vaccination and herd immunity in COVID‐19 and management strategies

She, Jun; Hou, Dongni; Chen, Cuicui; Bi, Jing

doi:10.1111/crj.13543

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…It remains to be seen whether the dosages used in these trials are appropriate and effective and whether the benefits outbalance the discomfort and risks of such prophylaxis. In any case, it is clear that vaccination and general hygienic measures will still remain the major means to reduce the number of SARS-CoV-2 transmissions and that of severe courses of this viral infection ( 33 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interferons in COVID-19: missed opportunities to prove efficacy in clinical phase III trials?

Brzoska¹,

Eick²,

Hündgen³

2023

Front. Med.

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Interferons were repeatedly used in the therapy of COVID-19 due to their antiviral effects. Three recently published randomized controlled clinical phase III trials (WHO SOLIDARITY, ACTT-3, and SPRINTER) missed their primary objectives, i.e., a significant therapeutic effect of interferons was not demonstrated in these studies. In only one randomized controlled phase III trial (TOGETHER), a significant reduction in the hospitalization rate was revealed. Our study analyzes these findings, gives possible explanations for the failure of interferons, provides a proposal on how these agents could be successfully used, and also highlights the limitations of their employment in COVID-19. Interferons are apparently beneficial only if the patients are in the early stage of this disease and when they are usually not hospitalized, i.e., if the patients do not require oxygen support and/or if corticosteroids are not yet indicated. Furthermore, a higher dosage than the one used in the long-term treatment of multiple sclerosis with interferon beta or of chronic viral hepatitis with interferon alpha or lambda should be employed to achieve a better therapeutic effect in COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interferons in COVID-19: missed opportunities to prove efficacy in clinical phase III trials?

Brzoska¹,

Eick²,

Hündgen³

2023

Front. Med.

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“…Consequently, this unethical behavior can result in resurgence of various vaccine-preventable diseases such as measles and polio within communities, and can affect both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. 27 The integrity of disease surveillance faces challenges due to the presence of fake immunization records. Distortion of accurate epidemiological data makes it challenging for health authorities to assess the true prevalence of infectious diseases, and can lead to delayed outbreak detection, and hinder timely and targeted responses.…”

Section: Threats To Herd Immunity Disease Surveillance and Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This jeopardizes the achievement and maintenance of herd immunity, as a substantial number of people with fraudulent certificates may undermine the protective barrier it creates. Consequently, this unethical behavior can result in resurgence of various vaccine‐preventable diseases such as measles and polio within communities, and can affect both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals 27 …”

Section: Implications Of Fake Vaccination Records On Public Health In...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fake vaccination records pose a significant threat to herd immunity, 27,28 as Vaccination coverage plays a vital role in epidemic control, reducing childhood morbidity, and mortality. 4 Health workers in Nigeria have been implicated in corrupt practices, accepting bribes to issue COVID-19 vaccination cards without actual vaccination.…”

Section: Threats To Herd Immunity Disease Surveillance and Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognizance and mitigation of falsified immunization documentation: Analyzing the consequences for public health in Nigeria, with a focus on counterfeited COVID‐19 vaccination cards: A case report

Ali,

Asika,

Elebesunu

et al. 2024

Health Science Reports

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Background and AimsThe global immunization campaign against COVID‐19 has mandated vaccination certificates, leading to a surge in fake documentation. In Nigeria, the proliferation of counterfeit COVID‐19 vaccination cards, facilitated by unscrupulous health workers, raises critical public health concerns. This research spotlights various forms of this malpractice, analyzes the factors contributing to the circulation of fake vaccination cards, their implications on public health, and provides recommendations for addressing the issue.MethodsExtensive literature review and analysis were conducted to investigate the emergence of fake COVID‐19 vaccination cards in Nigeria. Perspectives from health workers and reports from reputable undercover investigations were examined to identify factors contributing to the circulation of fraudulent records. The research also delved into corruption within the health sector and the impact of low salaries on healthcare workers. Additionally, global instances of fake vaccination cards were explored to provide a comprehensive understanding of the issue.ResultsHealthcare workers' vaccine hesitancy, corruption, and inadequate salaries were identified as key contributors to the circulation of fake vaccination cards in Nigeria. Instances of health workers accepting bribes to issue cards without administering vaccines were uncovered. The implications on public health included threats to herd immunity, compromised disease surveillance, erosion of public trust, and reinforcement of vaccine hesitancy. The research also highlighted global challenges with fake vaccination cards, emphasizing the need for international cooperation.ConclusionFake vaccination cards in Nigeria poses challenges to public health, affecting the reliability of immunization data and jeopardizing disease control efforts. It is crucial to strengthen healthcare worker engagement, tackle corruption through increased transparency and improved policies, and implement digital vaccination verification systems. International collaboration is essential to establish standardized security measures and verification checkpoints. Addressing flawed vaccination records requires urgent action to enhance vaccination efforts, and safeguard the population from the resurgence of vaccine‐preventable diseases.

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“…The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019, coupled with the lack of effective treatment has resulted in an unprecedented race for a vaccine. The control of this pandemic relies heavily on the acquisition of herd immunity, estimated at over 90% with the B.1.1.52 omicron variant ( 1 ). It took less than a year for the first emergency-use authorization of the COVID-19 vaccine to be issued on December 2020 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ( 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Chad: A cross-sectional study

Dzomo

Mbario²,

Djarma

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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Vaccination against the COVID-19 virus is currently the best option to combat the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic worldwide. However, in addition to logistical and economic barriers, hesitancy to be vaccinated threatens to jeopardize efforts to contain the disease. An increasing number of people in Africa are delaying or rejecting recommended vaccines. Since their launch, COVID-19 vaccines have frequently faced rejection worldwide. In this study, we interviewed 5,174 participants from Chad that were representative of the general population, on their perception of COVID-19 vaccines. The survey was conducted from April to May 2021, before the rollout of the COVID-19 vaccination. We found that 47.9% of respondents were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, 29.8% were undecided and 22.3% would not accept the vaccine. We found that urban residents were much more likely to refuse the vaccine than rural residents. We also observed that distrust of COVID-19 vaccines and mistaken beliefs played a crucial role in the reluctance to be vaccinated. Hesitancy to vaccinate against COVID-19 was strongly associated with lack of knowledge, and acceptance of vaccination was primarily associated with fear of the disease. Finally, we identified population profiles among the undecided and the refractors, which will help in developing strategies to combat COVID-19 vaccine resistance.

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Challenges of vaccination and herd immunity in COVID‐19 and management strategies

Cited by 22 publications

References 65 publications

Interferons in COVID-19: missed opportunities to prove efficacy in clinical phase III trials?

Interferons in COVID-19: missed opportunities to prove efficacy in clinical phase III trials?

Cognizance and mitigation of falsified immunization documentation: Analyzing the consequences for public health in Nigeria, with a focus on counterfeited COVID‐19 vaccination cards: A case report

Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Chad: A cross-sectional study

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