Challenges on synthesis of carbon nanotubes from environmentally friendly green oil using pyrolysis technique

Hamid, Z. Abdel; Azim, A. A. Abdul; Mouez, F. Abdel; Rehim, Sayed S. Abdel

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2017.06.005

Cited by 35 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…It exhibits an inconsistency in the evolution rates between the reactant decay and the MCM size increasing. It has been proved that the initial pyrolysis of hydrocarbons is mainly attributed to the C–H homolytic fission. ,− The bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of C–H bonds in these hydrocarbons (Table S1 of the Supporting Information) increase in the order of C 2 H 6 (423), CH 4 (439), C 2 H 4 (464), and C 2 H 2 (556 kJ/mol). Roughly, a large BDE suggests a small decay rate, with the exception of CH 4 .…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Activity Leading to Higher Disorder: A Case of Four Light Hydrocarbons to Variable Morphological Carbonaceous Materials by Pyrolysis

Liu

et al. 2018

J. Phys. Chem. C

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The subtle and efficient manufacture of high-quality carbonaceous materials dominates their extensive applications. Meanwhile, revealing the underlying mechanism in the formation of carbonaceous materials is crucial to improving their manufacture efficiency. In the present work, we focus upon the pyrolysis mechanism for four light hydrocarbons including methane, CH4, ethane, C2H6, ethylene, C2H4, and acetylene, C2H2, to carbonaceous materials, combined with reactive molecular dynamics (RMD) simulations. The carbonaceous materials with various morphologies are observed in our simulations, and the morphologies are strongly dependent on the initial reactants; i.e., a disorderly C cluster, a crossed C multilayer, and an orderly C monolayer are made from C2H2, C2H4, and C2H6 and CH4, respectively, as ascertained partly in experiments. Tracing the RMD trajectories, we confirm that the pyrolysis of all four light hydrocarbons undergoes three stages, including the C chain elongation with generation of new small carbonaceous molecules or radicals, the formation and growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and the stable growth of C clusters. The morphologic difference of the final C clusters is attributed to the reactant activity and C growth styles. That is, the higher activity and the faster growth by the C2 addition facilitate the more disorderly arrangement of C atoms, and vice versa. Typically, the dense C2H2 tends to form disorderly C black, while the thin CH4, to orderly C nanotubes. It shows that selecting the reactants in terms of their activities is a key to preparing orderly carbonaceous materials. These findings are expected to be useful to understand the formation mechanism and design techniques for efficiently manufacturing high-quality carbonaceous materials.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Activity Leading to Higher Disorder: A Case of Four Light Hydrocarbons to Variable Morphological Carbonaceous Materials by Pyrolysis

Liu

et al. 2018

J. Phys. Chem. C

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“…Hakim et al synthetized CNTs with 123 nm average diameter having irregular distributions through coconut shell waste by one step water assisted quenching method at a temperature of 700°C, presenting by this study the possibility to produce CNTs at a large-scale using plant and their extract [90]. Hamid et al have synthetized SWCNTs with a diameter around 27 nm using a pyrolysis of mixed oil as precursor and NiCl 2 catalyst supported on Si wafer substrate; well graphitized grown nanotubes are produced at 700°C [91]. Paul and Samdarshi have synthetized MWCNTs with diameter of 80-90 nm by CVD method under optimum conditions by 6 Journal of Nanomaterials evaporating natural green precursor (coconut oil) transported by N 2 inert gas; this reaction was carried out in the presence of iron catalyst assuring the growth of the nanotubes [92].…”

Section: Chemical Vapor Deposition (Cvd)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) from Synthesis to Functionalized (CNTs) Using Conventional and New Chemical Approaches

Salah

Ouslimani

Bousba

et al. 2021

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged worldwide because of their remarkable properties enlarging their field of applications. Functionalization of CNTs is a convenient strategy to tackle low dispersion and solubilization of CNTs in many solvents or polymers. It can be done by covalent or noncovalent surface functionalization that is briefly discussed regarding the current literature. Endohedral and exohedral are conventional methods based on covalent and van der Waals bonding forces that are created through CNT functionalization by various materials. In this paper, a review of new approaches and mechanisms of functionalization of CNTs is proposed, including amidation, fluorination, bromination, chlorination, hydrogenation, and electrophilic addition. Our analysis is supported by several characterization methods highlighting recent improvements hence extending the range of applicability of CNTs.

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“…Plant extracts were used for a metal-free CVD approach towards CNTs of different types and graphitization degrees, depending on the temperature and the plant used [ 99 ]. Coconut and olive oil acted as a carbon source for spray pyrolysis (that is a variant of CVD), with the latter producing the best CNTs in terms of the level of graphitization [ 118 ].…”

Section: Greener Alternatives To Traditional Graphitization For Cnm P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Graphitization: Towards Greener Alternatives to Develop Nanomaterials for Targeted Drug Delivery

Marin

Marchesan

2022

Biomedicines

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Carbon nanomaterials have attracted great interest for their unique physico-chemical properties for various applications, including medicine and, in particular, drug delivery, to solve the most challenging unmet clinical needs. Graphitization is a process that has become very popular for their production or modification. However, traditional conditions are energy-demanding; thus, recent efforts have been devoted to the development of greener routes that require lower temperatures or that use waste or byproducts as a carbon source in order to be more sustainable. In this concise review, we analyze the progress made in the last five years in this area, as well as in their development as drug delivery agents, focusing on active targeting, and conclude with a perspective on the future of the field.

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Challenges on synthesis of carbon nanotubes from environmentally friendly green oil using pyrolysis technique

Cited by 35 publications

References 40 publications

Higher Activity Leading to Higher Disorder: A Case of Four Light Hydrocarbons to Variable Morphological Carbonaceous Materials by Pyrolysis

Higher Activity Leading to Higher Disorder: A Case of Four Light Hydrocarbons to Variable Morphological Carbonaceous Materials by Pyrolysis

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) from Synthesis to Functionalized (CNTs) Using Conventional and New Chemical Approaches

Carbon Graphitization: Towards Greener Alternatives to Develop Nanomaterials for Targeted Drug Delivery

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