Challenges towards large-scale fuel cell production: Results of an expert assessment study

Kampker, Achim; Ayvaz, Peter; Schön, Corinna Marie; Karstedt, Jörg Henning; Förstmann, Ruben; Welker, F.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.07.180

Cited by 34 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The first generation of commercial fuel cell vehicles, which use proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology, is on the roads of Europe, Asia, and North America. − However, higher performance at high current density and increased lifetime are required to drive the costs down and underpin future developments for both light- and heavy-duty transport. , Therefore, the widespread adoption of PEMFCs strongly relies on a significant enhancement of electrocatalyst mass activity for sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and stability throughout the fuel cell operating conditions. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Design of Carbon-Supported Platinum–Gadolinium Nanoalloys for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

et al. 2021

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Highly active and long-term stable electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells are required for alignment of material properties with sectoral demand. Herein, we have produced a series of Pt x Gd/C electrocatalysts using the carbodiimide complex route, in which the gadolinium content in the final product was systematically varied. The results reveal that the Pt/Gd ratio influences the crystalline structure, the particle size, the near-surface chemistry, and, therefore, the electrochemical activity toward ORR. A morphological transition, from solid nanoparticles to porous architecture, takes place as the Gd concentration increases, where 10 nm is the critical size for transition. Moreover, the mass activity toward the ORR displays a volcano-shaped trend, reaching a maximum value at the composition of Pt4.7Gd. This contribution identifies key properties of the Pt x Gd/C nanostructures that are essential to boost the ORR activity and durability, along with remaining issues that must be addressed, such as the undesirable formation of porous architecture.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Design of Carbon-Supported Platinum–Gadolinium Nanoalloys for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

et al. 2021

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“…43,45 For understanding challenges in commercialization of fuel cells, a recent and very detailed study by Kampker et al is referred. 47 However, technological advancements in past few decades lead to the development of novel materials for fuel cell catalysis and ion transport leading to efficient and reliable fuel cell performance. 48 Previously, several review studies have been carried out regarding the development of novel materials for fuel cells 41,[49][50][51] ; however, integrated study regarding working principles and development of fuel cells material is lacking in the literature.…”

Section: Applications and Economics Of Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a compromise between cost and durability of fuel cells is crucial 43,45 . For understanding challenges in commercialization of fuel cells, a recent and very detailed study by Kampker et al is referred 47 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A perspective on development of fuel cell materials: Electrodes and electrolyte

Sajid

Pervaiz

Ali³

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary The declining reserves and environmental concerns related to the use of fossil fuels have made the global think tanks to pursue for the technologies considered to be renewable as well as sustainable. Fuel cell technology is emerging and a green way to produce electricity, provided sufficient amount of hydrogen (fuel) is available that directly convert chemical energy to electrical energy. Despite of being an efficient and eco‐friendly source of energy, commercialization of fuel cells is still difficult to attain. Techno‐economic challenges like high manufacturing and assembly costs, water management, system size, nondurability, and instability of the system need to be addressed. In order to resolve these issues, considerable research has been carried out for the development of novel and inexpensive materials for the fuel cells. In this article, we have reviewed the development of electrodes and electrolyte materials for different types of fuel cells. A detailed description of applications, challenges, and improvement of electrodes/electrolytes materials of different types of fuel cells (polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, direct methanol fuel cells and solid oxide fuel cells) have been reported in this review article. A brief review of the development of materials for electrode of molten carbonate fuel cells has also been presented in the review.

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“…The membrane electrode assembly (MEA), the core component within the PEM fuel cells, is a multilayer thin‐film stack composed of a PEM, catalyst layers (CLs), and gas diffusion layers (GDLs) 9 . It is expected that the cost‐effective R2R slot die coating technique could address the challenges of precise and mass production faced by PEM fuel cells toward their commercialization 8–11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slot die coating window for a uniform fuel cell ink dispersion

Pan

Chen

et al. 2022

AIChE Journal

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The continuous roll‐to‐roll slot die coating technique has shown great potential for fuel cell electrode fabrication. It is essential to determine the particulate coating window to obtain a defect‐free film of uniform thickness and uniform particle dispersion. For this dual‐purpose, an additional upper operating limit has been proposed via a “flow field analysis scheme” that combines analysis and simulation. In this analysis, the fundamentals of flow pattern transition (Poiseuille–Couette–bubbly flow) behind coating limits are clarified. The Couette flow is advantageous for uniform shear rate and dispersion. Furthermore, phase‐field simulations systematically investigate the effect of fluid and geometrical parameters and quantitatively present the flow limit with explicit expression. Results reveal that the slope of the upper limit is inversely correlated with shear‐thinning index n while proportional to the coating gap H. Combining the bubble entrainment boundary, lower n and H are favorable for a larger particulate coating window.

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Challenges towards large-scale fuel cell production: Results of an expert assessment study

Cited by 34 publications

References 25 publications

Rational Design of Carbon-Supported Platinum–Gadolinium Nanoalloys for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Rational Design of Carbon-Supported Platinum–Gadolinium Nanoalloys for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

A perspective on development of fuel cell materials: Electrodes and electrolyte

Slot die coating window for a uniform fuel cell ink dispersion

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