“…To be effective, interventions must be able to respond to the variety of personal, sociocultural, environmental, and interpersonal exigencies of individual women's lives (Harvey, 1996;Lebowitz et al, 1993). Women benefit from a treatment philosophy based on (a) competency building and empowerment; services and supports provided in safe, accessible and community-based locations (Alexander & Muenzenmaier, 1998); (b) mutual relationships built on trust, understanding and respect (Bassuk et al, 1998;Miller, 1990Miller, , 1994Miller, , 1996Miller & Guidry, 2001;Prescott, 1998;Harris & Landis, 1997;Deegan, 1995;Unzicker, 1995); (c) the establishment and maintenance of safety (Hedges, 2000;Noble, 1999;Begley, 1998;Najavits et al, 1998;Talbott et al, 1998); and (d) trauma-specific treatment (Miller, 1990(Miller, , 1994(Miller, , 1996Miller & Guidry, 2001;Harris & Landis, 1997;Harvey, 1991).…”