Chandra and HST Snapshots of Fossil System Progenitors

Johnson, Lucas; Irwin, Jimmy A.; White, Raymond E.; Wong, Ka-Wah; Dupke, Renato A.

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaf00b

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Johnson et al (2018b) investigated the fraction of FGs in lensed and non-lensed galaxy groups, finding that the fraction of FGs is larger in lensed systems (13% versus 3%). They also identified 12 possible FG progenitors, that were later investigated in details in Johnson et al (2018a) using Chandra and the Hubble Space Telescope. Their results showed that the X-ray temperatures of the candidate progenitors are higher than those of the control sample.…”

Section: Compact and Loose Groups As Progenitors Of Fossil Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Fossil Groups of Galaxies

Aguerri

Zarattini

2021

Universe

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We review the formation and evolution of fossil groups and clusters from both the theoretical and the observational points of view. In the optical band, these systems are dominated by the light of the central galaxy. They were interpreted as old systems that had enough time to merge all the M* galaxies within the central one. During the last two decades, many observational studies were performed to prove the old and relaxed state of fossil systems. The majority of these studies that spans a wide range of topics including halos global scaling relations, dynamical substructures, stellar populations, and galaxy luminosity functions seem to challenge this scenario. The general picture that can be obtained by reviewing all the observational works is that the fossil state could be transitional. Indeed, the formation of the large magnitude gap observed in fossil systems could be related to internal processes rather than an old formation.

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Section: Compact and Loose Groups As Progenitors Of Fossil Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Fossil Groups of Galaxies

Aguerri

Zarattini

2021

Universe

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“…A search for these so-called fossil progenitors in the CASSOWARY strong gravitational arcs catalog found ∼13% of the lensing groups were identified as FGs and that ∼23% of lensing systems were fossil progenitors, 6% higher than in the control sample. The CASSOWARY systems are a good place to look for them because strong gravitational lensing preferentially selects systems with a high mass concentration such as fossil systems (Johnson et al 2018a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent Evidence for Earlier Formation Epochs of Fossil Groups of Galaxies through the Intracluster Light: The Case for RX J100742.53+380046.6

Dupke

Jiménez-Teja

et al. 2022

ApJ

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Fossil groups (FG) of galaxies still present a puzzle to theories of structure formation. Despite the low number of bright galaxies, they have relatively high velocity dispersions and ICM temperatures often corresponding to cluster-like potential wells. Their measured concentrations are typically high, indicating early formation epochs as expected from the originally proposed scenario for their origin as being older undisturbed systems. This is, however, in contradiction with the typical lack of expected well developed cool cores. Here, we apply a cluster dynamical indicator recently discovered in the intracluster light fraction (ICLf) to a classic FG, RX J1000742.53+380046.6, to assess its dynamical state. We also refine that indicator to use as an independent age estimator. We find negative radial temperature and metal abundance gradients, the abundance achieving supersolar values at the hot core. The X-ray flux concentration is consistent with that of cool core systems. The ICLf analysis provides an independent probe of the system’s dynamical state and shows that the system is very relaxed, more than all clusters, where the same analysis has been performed. The specific ICLf is about 6 times higher, than any of the clusters previously analyzed, which is consistent with an older noninteractive galaxy system that had its last merging event within the last ∼5 Gyr. The specific ICLf is predicted to be an important new tool to identify fossil systems and to constrain the relative age of clusters.

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“…Observationally, catalogs of fossil groups are usually limited to z < 0.5. For instance, the highest redshift for the fossil groups reported by a recent survey is z = 0.442 (Johnson et al 2018). In the Hess et al (2012) sample, the highest-redshift fossil group is 0.489.…”

Section: Is 3c 297 a High-z Fossil Group?mentioning

confidence: 98%

Powerful Yet Lonely: Is 3C 297 a High-redshift Fossil Group?

Missaglia

Madrid

Schirmer

et al. 2022

ApJS

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The environment of the high-redshift (z = 1.408), powerful radio-loud galaxy 3C 297 has several distinctive features of a galaxy cluster. Among them, a characteristic halo of hot gas revealed by Chandra X-ray observations. In addition, a radio map obtained with the Very Large Array shows a bright hotspot in the northwestern direction, created by the interaction of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) jet arising from 3C 297 with its environment. In the X-ray images, emission cospatial with the northwestern radio lobe is detected, and peaks at the position of the radio hotspot. The extended, complex X-ray emission observed with our new Chandra data is largely unrelated to its radio structure. Despite having attributes of a galaxy cluster, no companion galaxies have been identified from 39 new spectra of neighboring targets of 3C 297 obtained with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph. None of the 19 galaxies for which a redshift was determined lies at the same distance as 3C 297. The optical spectral analysis of the new Gemini spectrum of 3C 297 reveals an isolated Type II radio-loud AGN. We also detected line broadening in [O ii] λ3728 with a FWHM about 1700 km s−1 and possible line shifts of up to 500–600 km s−1. We postulate that the host galaxy of 3C 297 is a fossil group, in which most of the stellar mass has merged into a single object, leaving behind an X-ray halo.

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Chandra and HST Snapshots of Fossil System Progenitors

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Properties of Fossil Groups of Galaxies

Properties of Fossil Groups of Galaxies

Independent Evidence for Earlier Formation Epochs of Fossil Groups of Galaxies through the Intracluster Light: The Case for RX J100742.53+380046.6

Powerful Yet Lonely: Is 3C 297 a High-redshift Fossil Group?

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