Change in background context disrupts performance on visual paired comparison following hippocampal damage

Pascalis, Olivier; Hunkin, Nicola M.; Bachevalier, Jocelyne; Mayes, Andrew R.

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.04.001

Cited by 30 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…By contrast, it is impaired when familiarization is very brief, or when the familiar and novel items share overlapping features. This complements earlier reports of impaired VPC performance in monkeys with hippocampal lesions when novelty is limited to the spatial relationships between several items, or to the background of individual items (Bachevalier and Nemanic 2008;Pascalis et al 2009;J Bachevalier, S Nemanic, and M Alvarado, unpubl.). Thus, the hippocampus seems important for incidental recognition memory only when it relies on a fine-grained comparison of familiar and novel items (for similar data in rodents, see Wan et al 1999;Mumby et al 2002;Hoge and Kesner 2007;Hunsaker et al 2007;VanElzakker et al 2008).…”

Section: Role Of the Hippocampus In Memorysupporting

confidence: 88%

Stimulus similarity and encoding time influence incidental recognition memory in adult monkeys with selective hippocampal lesions

Zeamer

Meunier²,

Bachevalier³

2011

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Recognition memory impairment after selective hippocampal lesions in monkeys is more profound when measured with visual paired-comparison (VPC) than with delayed nonmatching-to-sample (DNMS). To clarify this issue, we assessed the impact of stimuli similarity and encoding duration on the VPC performance in monkeys with hippocampal lesions and sham-operated controls. The novelty preference was compared for pictures of dissimilar vs. similar objects and for encoding duration of 30, 10, 5, and 1 sec. The novelty preference was spared after hippocampal lesions with dissimilar (colored or black and white [BW]) stimuli and an encoding time ≥10 sec, but declined with similar stimuli or a short encoding time of 1 or 5 sec. Therefore, the severe VPC impairment reported earlier after hippocampal damage cannot be attributed to the long encoding time used (30 sec) relative to DNMS (1-5 sec). However, it may result, at least in part, from the poorer distinctiveness of the stimuli typically used for VPC (BW slides of pictures of equal size and brightness of objects differing in shape) relative to the actual objects used for DNMS, differing in shape, color, size, brightness, and texture. This conclusion fits well with current models that view the hippocampus as a comparator capable of individualizing the representations of highly overlapping inputs.

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Section: Role Of the Hippocampus In Memorysupporting

confidence: 88%

Stimulus similarity and encoding time influence incidental recognition memory in adult monkeys with selective hippocampal lesions

Zeamer

Meunier²,

Bachevalier³

2011

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“…In the second block (the mixed block), some letters for the case decisions were presented in colour (red or blue), which turned them into bivalent stimuli. Our motivation for EPISODIC CONTEXT BINDING AND AMNESIA 6 involving amnesic patients was to test whether their profound deficit in memory binding, in particular binding an event to a particular context (e.g., Chun & Phelps, 1999;Hannula, Tranel, & Cohen, 2006;Pascalis, Hunkin, Bachevalier, & Mayes, 2009), would affect the bivalency effect. Several studies have demonstrated that the binding deficit in amnesia is not restricted to long-term memory, but also affects short-term bindings such as those thought to be involved in the bivalency effect (Olson, Moore, Stark, & Chaterjee, 2006;Ezzyat & Olson, 2008;Olson, Moses, Riggs, & Ryan, 2012 for a recent review).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Episodic context binding in task switching: Evidence from amnesia

et al. 2013

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether amnesic patients show a bivalency effect. The bivalency effect refers to the performance slowing that occurs when switching tasks and bivalent stimuli appear occasionally among univalent stimuli. According to the episodic context binding account, bivalent stimuli create a conflict-loaded context that is re-activated on subsequent trials and thus it is assumed that it depends on memory binding processes. Given the profound memory deficit in amnesia, we hypothesized that the bivalency effect would be largely reduced in amnesic patients. We tested sixteen severely amnesic patients and a control group with a paradigm requiring predictable alternations between three simple cognitive tasks, with bivalent stimuli occasionally occurring on one of these tasks. The results showed the typical bivalency effect for the control group, that is, a generalized slowing for each task. In contrast, for amnesic patients, only a short-lived slowing was present on the task that followed immediately after a bivalent stimulus, indicating that the binding between tasks and context was impaired in amnesic patients.

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“…These findings add to a body of evidence that the hippocampus is necessary when contextual information is important. We also confirm that memory deficits after chronic adrenalectomy are not a result of loss of corticosterone per se.Research with rats (Sutherland and McDonald 1990;Kim and Faneslow 1992;Anagnostaras et al 2001;Lehmann et al 2009), nonhuman primates (Machado and Bachevalier 2006;Pascalis et al 2009), and humans (Alvarez et al 2008;Marschner et al 2008) shows that hippocampal damage can disrupt the ability to recall or express information about context. Furthermore, several reports suggest that the hippocampus is important for creating flexible representations of context and object associations.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, several reports suggest that the hippocampus is important for creating flexible representations of context and object associations. Studies in rats (Mumby et al 2002;O'Brien et al 2006) and humans (Pascalis et al 2009) show that lesions specific to the hippocampus produce deficits in object recognition only when contextual information is altered.Within the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus (DG) is important for certain aspects of memory (Xavier et al 1999;Garthe et al 2009). Chronic adrenalectomy (ADX) causes a gradual and selective loss of granule cells in the DG of the rat (Sloviter et al 1989).…”

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Object/context-specific memory deficits associated with loss of hippocampal granule cells after adrenalectomy in rats

Spanswick¹,

Sutherland²

2010

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Chronic adrenalectomy (ADX) causes a gradual and selective loss of granule cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the rat. Here, we administered replacement corticosterone to rats beginning 10 wk after ADX. We then tested them in three discrimination tasks based on object novelty, location, or object/context association. Only during testing of the object/context association did ADX rats demonstrate deficits. These findings add to a body of evidence that the hippocampus is necessary when contextual information is important. We also confirm that memory deficits after chronic adrenalectomy are not a result of loss of corticosterone per se.Research with rats (Sutherland and McDonald 1990;Kim and Faneslow 1992;Anagnostaras et al. 2001;Lehmann et al. 2009), nonhuman primates (Machado and Bachevalier 2006;Pascalis et al. 2009), and humans (Alvarez et al. 2008;Marschner et al. 2008) shows that hippocampal damage can disrupt the ability to recall or express information about context. Furthermore, several reports suggest that the hippocampus is important for creating flexible representations of context and object associations. Studies in rats (Mumby et al. 2002;O'Brien et al. 2006) and humans (Pascalis et al. 2009) show that lesions specific to the hippocampus produce deficits in object recognition only when contextual information is altered.Within the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus (DG) is important for certain aspects of memory (Xavier et al. 1999;Garthe et al. 2009). Chronic adrenalectomy (ADX) causes a gradual and selective loss of granule cells in the DG of the rat (Sloviter et al. 1989). This loss of cells is attributed to a lack of circulating corticosterone (CORT) (Sloviter et al. 1989;Woolley et al. 1991). Behavioral deficits as a result of chronic ADX have been reported in the Morris water task (Armstrong et al. 1993;Roozendaal et al. 1998;Spanswick et al. 2007) and open-field task (Islam et al. 1995). There has been debate as to whether the deficits experienced by ADX rats are a result of lost CORT or due to the depletion of the granule cell layer itself. Conrad and Roy (1995) and McCormick et al. (1997) report that acute CORT replacement is sufficient to alleviate some of the deficits in spatial tasks associated with chronic ADX. These findings have led some to conclude that the removal of CORT is responsible for the behavioral deficits experienced by ADX rats and not the loss of granule cells per se. In direct contrast to these findings, Spanswick et al. (2007) report that administration of CORT after 6 wk of ADX does not alleviate spatial deficits in a moving-platform version of the Morris water task. Also in opposition to Conrad and Roy (1995) and McCormick et al. (1997), studies utilizing colchicine as a method to remove granule cells report spatial deficits as a result of cell loss (Sutherland et al. 1983;Xavier et al. 1999;Jeltsch et al. 2001).Here, we show using three versions of a novelty-preference task (novel object, novel place, and object/context mismatch) that lesions limited to the granule cell layer...

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Change in background context disrupts performance on visual paired comparison following hippocampal damage

Cited by 30 publications

References 51 publications

Stimulus similarity and encoding time influence incidental recognition memory in adult monkeys with selective hippocampal lesions

Stimulus similarity and encoding time influence incidental recognition memory in adult monkeys with selective hippocampal lesions

Episodic context binding in task switching: Evidence from amnesia

Object/context-specific memory deficits associated with loss of hippocampal granule cells after adrenalectomy in rats

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