Change in body mass index from adolescence to young adulthood and increased carotid intima-media thickness at 28 years of age: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Young Adults study

Oren, Ami; Vos, Lydia E; Uiterwaal, Cuno S.P.M.; Gorissen, W. H. M.; Grobbee, Diederick E.; Bots, Michiel L.

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802404

Cited by 112 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 56 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Since the 'type of school' was not significantly associated (P40.05) to the nutritional status of this sample of adolescents (Table 3) after controlling for the effects of the other variables, it is not likely that this could be a source of bias in the results that have been presented. Adolescent BMI predicts cardiovascular risk in later life (Raman, 2002;Jeffreys et al, 2003;Oren et al, 2003). Even more, overweight in adolescence has been suggested as a more powerful predictor of morbidity risks than overweight in adulthood (Must et al, 1992;Dietz, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female gender and wealth are associated to overweight among adolescents in La Paz, Bolivia

Perez-Cueto

Almanza²,

Kolsteren

2004

Eur J Clin Nutr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To describe the prevalence of overweight, obesity and being thin in adolescents of La Paz City, Bolivia. Design: Cross-sectional study, clustered sampling. Setting: La Paz, Bolivia, August-September 2003. Subjects: Height and weight of 525 adolescents (mean age 16 y; s.d.71.3) attending public and private schools were measured; sociodemographic characteristics were assessed with a short questionnaire.Results: The present study reveals that 9.3% (72.5) of the sample are thin adolescents; 19.8% (73.4) is the overall prevalence of overweight and 2.3% (71.3) the overall prevalence of obesity. The odds of being thin were higher among those working (P ¼ 0.03) and among those of higher age (Po0.001). The odds of being overweight were higher among female subjects (Po0.001). The odds of being obese were higher among younger adolescents (P ¼ 0.046) and among the more wealthy ones (P ¼ 0.044). Conclusions: A large prevalence of 22% overweight/obesity in adolescents from La Paz City was observed. The findings support the need of enhanced nutritional surveillance and interventions particularly in female adolescents.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female gender and wealth are associated to overweight among adolescents in La Paz, Bolivia

Perez-Cueto

Almanza²,

Kolsteren

2004

Eur J Clin Nutr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There were therefore very few hypertensive cases to consider (16/130 men). Six studies considered the association between childhood BMI and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) (30,(35)(36)(37)(38)(39) , with five of these studies showing a positive association (35)(36)(37)(38)(39) . However, after adjusting for adult BMI only one positive association remained, and this was for the cumulative change in BMI from childhood to adulthood (39) .…”

Section: Independent Effects Of Childhood Obesity On Adult Disease Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood obesity: the impact on long-term risk of metabolic and CVD is not necessarily inevitable

McMullen

2014

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity in the adult population is estimated to be 35 %. These trends are reflected in childhood obesity prevalence, and the potential impact of early-onset obesity is of great concern. The aim of this review was to investigate the long-term implications of childhood obesity for metabolic and cardiovascular health, focusing on the independent contribution of childhood obesity to adult disease risk, as distinct from associations mediated by tracking of obesity across the lifespan. The data systematically reviewed provide little evidence to suggest that childhood overweight and obesity are independent risk factors for metabolic and cardiovascular risk during adulthood. Instead, the data demonstrate that the relationships observed are dependent on tracking of BMI between childhood and adulthood, alongside persistence of dietary patterns and physical activity. Adjustment for adult BMI uncovers unexpected negative associations between childhood BMI and adult disease, suggesting a protective effect of childhood obesity at any given level of adult BMI. Further work is required to explain these findings, both in terms of pathways and statistical artefacts. To conclude, it must be stressed that it is not suggested that childhood obesity is without negative consequence. Childhood obesity is clearly associated with a range of adverse physical and psychological outcomes. However, the data are important in supporting a positive message that the long-term consequences of childhood obesity are avoidable; and that there remains opportunity for intervention across the lifespan. This nuance in understanding long-term risk is important when considering the effectiveness of interventions at different stages of the lifespan. Childhood: Obesity: Metabolic syndrome: Cardiovascular disease: Blood pressureThe worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity in the adult population is currently estimated to be 35 %, rising to over 70 % in some population groups, with rates of obesity nearly doubling between 1980 and 2008 (1) . This is a global phenomenon, with the prevalence of overweight and obesity in low-and middleincome countries on the rise, mirroring their transition to the obesogenic environments more commonly associated with 'Western' living. The relationship between obesity and risk of non-communicable disease in adulthood has long been established, with a wealth of evidence demonstrating the considerable impact of excess adiposity on the health and wellbeing of populations (2) . The trends in adult overweight and obesity are reflected in childhood obesity prevalence, and the potential impact of early-onset obesity is of great concern. It has been estimated that 200 million school-aged children were overweight or obese in 2010 worldwide, with a prevalence of >20 % in European states and >30 % in regions of North America (3) . In the UK, the 2007 Foresight report showed that about 8-10 % of girls and boys were obese in 2004, and this was projected to rise to an estimated 25 % by 2050 (4)...

show abstract

“…8,25,28,30,31 However, after adjusting for adult BMI only the cumulative change in BMI from one study 31 remained significant. An additional two studies showed positive associations with some age groups but not others.…”

Section: Carotid Intima-media Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,25,28 Adult outcomes were more homogenous, with blood pressure measured as both systolic and diastolic, and hypertension defined as per the World Health Organisation Guidelines 29 in all studies. Three studies measured CIMT in the common carotid far wall, 25,28,30 whereas two studies 8,31 averaged measurements from the far walls of the common carotid, carotid bifurcation and internal carotid. The sixth study 7 did not provide details.…”

Section: Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood obesity and adult cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Although the relationship between adult obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been shown, the relationship with childhood obesity remains unclear. Given the evidence of tracking of body mass index (BMI) from childhood to adulthood, this systematic review investigated the independent relationship between childhood BMI and adult CVD risk. Objective: To investigate the association between childhood BMI and adult CVD risk, and whether the associations observed are independent of adult BMI. Design: Electronic databases were searched from inception until July 2008 for studies investigating the association between childhood BMI and adult CVD risk. Two investigators independently reviewed studies for eligibility according to inclusion/ exclusion criteria, extracted the data and assessed study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Positive associations between childhood BMI and adult blood pressure or carotid intima-media thickness were generally attenuated once adjusted for adult BMI. Associations between childhood BMI and CVD morbidity/mortality had not been adjusted and do not provide evidence of an independent relationship. Negative associations between childhood BMI and blood pressure were observed in several adjusted data sets. Conclusions: Little evidence was found to suggest that childhood obesity is an independent risk factor for CVD risk. Instead, the data suggest that relationships observed are dependent on the tracking of BMI from childhood to adulthood. Importantly, evidence suggests that risk of raised blood pressure is highest in those who are at the lower end of the BMI scale in childhood and overweight in adulthood. The findings challenge the widely accepted view that the presence of childhood obesity is an independent risk factor for CVD and that this period should be a priority for public health intervention. Although interventions during childhood may be important in prevention of adult obesity, it is important to avoid the potential for negative consequences when the timing coincides with critical stages of neurological, behavioural and physical development.

show abstract

Change in body mass index from adolescence to young adulthood and increased carotid intima-media thickness at 28 years of age: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Young Adults study

Cited by 112 publications

References 56 publications

Female gender and wealth are associated to overweight among adolescents in La Paz, Bolivia

Female gender and wealth are associated to overweight among adolescents in La Paz, Bolivia

Childhood obesity: the impact on long-term risk of metabolic and CVD is not necessarily inevitable

Childhood obesity and adult cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About