Change in chemical composition of early Islamic glass excavated in Raya,Sinai Peninsula, Egypt: on-site analyses using a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer

The Application of a Portable X‐ray Fluorescence Spectrometer to the On‐site Analysis of Glass Vessel Fragments From Southern Thailand*

“…The first group shows higher SrO (660 ppm on average) levels, representing a group of natron glasses that were possibly made using silica sand from a sea shore, as there was a strong possibility of the inclusion of marine shells, with a significantly low titanium and iron content. This group of natron glasses is similar to the N1 group of glasses from the Rāya site classified by Kato et al . (2009), or the Levantine II groups classified by Freestone et al .…”

“…From these results, it is possible to say that for glass artefacts with good surface conditions, the quantitative analysis performed by p‐XRF is fairly reliable for most of the major and trace elements. However, it should be noted that the content of Na 2 O obtained from the XRF instrument could be lower than the actual bulk content, depending on the glass corrosion conditions (Kato et al . 2009).…”

Late antique glass distribution and consumption in Cyprus: a chemical study

“…Interesting to notice is that Egypt 1 glass was not found in the western Nile Delta nor in North Sinai in 4the6th century contexts (Freestone et al, 2002a;Rosenow and Rehren, 2014). On the other hand, Kato et al (2009) published 13 samples with this composition (their group N2-a2) within the 8th century findings from Raya in the south Sinai. In Jordan only Table 4 Comparison between HLIMT identified in this work and 5e6th century Anglo-Saxon material (Freestone, 2008), 6e8th century Group 2 (Foy et al, 2003), 6th century Frankish glass (Wedepohl et al, 1997), 6th century Merovingian glass (Velde, 1990), 7th century material from Crypta Balbi (Mirti et al, 1993), raw glass from Cari cin Grad (Drauschke and Greiff, 2010) and 6the8th century material from Butrint (Schibille, 2011 two fragments belonged to the Egypt 1 type (no 6 and 12 in Table 5 of Rehren et al, 2010), among the material of the sanctuary of Agios Lot in Deir' Ain' Abata.…”

Pattern in Glass Use in the Roman and Byzantine Worlds: A Report on Current Research at the Institute of Archaeology and UCL Qatar

“…Across the Levant and as far south as Petra in Jordan there is a dominance of Levantine glass compositions (Schibille et al 2008;), linked to production in sites in modern-day Israel, while in Egypt other glass compositions dominate, most likely linked to local glass-making there (Gratuze and Baradon 1990;Rosenow and Rehren 2014). Unsurprisingly, settlements on the west coast of the Sinai have a mixture of glass from both provinces (Kato et al 2008). A much more varied supply picture, however, is seen further afield, both in the Mediterranean and the Roman provinces (Freestone et al 2002b(Freestone et al , 2008Cholakova 2010, 2014;Schibille and Freestone 2013).…”