2012
DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.04.011
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Change in El Niño flavours over 1958–2008: Implications for the long-term trend of the upwelling off Peru

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Cited by 82 publications
(112 citation statements)
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“…Among studies excluded from the meta-analysis, either because they did not meet the strict selection criteria or because they were published after the analysis was completed, most (Di Lorenzo et al, 2005;Alves and Miranda, 2013;Barton et al, 2013;Bylhouwer et al, 2013;Stocker et al, 2013;Cropper et al, 2014;deCastro et al, 2014;Jacox et al, 2014;Sydeman et al, 2014b;Varela et al, 2015) show results consistent with the findings of Sydeman et al (2014a). Those containing seemingly contradictory results (Demarcq, 2009;Dewitte et al, 2012) add uncertainty, but do not refute the findings of the metaanalysis, as they focus on local regions, use short time series and do not add uncertainty. Despite the fact that the meta-analysis by Sydeman et al generally supports Bakun's proposition, we still cannot attribute coastal wind intensification in EBUS to global warming because we cannot discount the role of multi-decadal climate variability in the observed trends (Chhak and Di Lorenzo, 2007;Narayan et al, 2010;Pérez et al, 2010;Macias et al, 2012;Santos et al, 2012;Cropper et al, 2014;Jacox et al, 2014), nor is it a test of the Bakun hypothesis mechanism.…”
Section: Trends In Upwelling-favorable Windssupporting
confidence: 60%
“…Among studies excluded from the meta-analysis, either because they did not meet the strict selection criteria or because they were published after the analysis was completed, most (Di Lorenzo et al, 2005;Alves and Miranda, 2013;Barton et al, 2013;Bylhouwer et al, 2013;Stocker et al, 2013;Cropper et al, 2014;deCastro et al, 2014;Jacox et al, 2014;Sydeman et al, 2014b;Varela et al, 2015) show results consistent with the findings of Sydeman et al (2014a). Those containing seemingly contradictory results (Demarcq, 2009;Dewitte et al, 2012) add uncertainty, but do not refute the findings of the metaanalysis, as they focus on local regions, use short time series and do not add uncertainty. Despite the fact that the meta-analysis by Sydeman et al generally supports Bakun's proposition, we still cannot attribute coastal wind intensification in EBUS to global warming because we cannot discount the role of multi-decadal climate variability in the observed trends (Chhak and Di Lorenzo, 2007;Narayan et al, 2010;Pérez et al, 2010;Macias et al, 2012;Santos et al, 2012;Cropper et al, 2014;Jacox et al, 2014), nor is it a test of the Bakun hypothesis mechanism.…”
Section: Trends In Upwelling-favorable Windssupporting
confidence: 60%
“…The physical model resolves the hydrostatic primitive equations with a free-surface explicit scheme and a stretched terrain-following sigma coordinates on 37 vertical levels. The configuration is similar to Dewitte et al (2012), that is the open boundary conditions are provided by 5-day mean oceanic outputs from SODA (Version 2.1.6) for temperature, salinity, horizontal velocity and sea level for the period 1958-2008, while wind stress and speed forcing at the air/sea interface come from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. The atmospheric fields have been statistically downscaled following the method by in order to correct for the unrealistic wind stress curl near the coast of the NCEP Reanalysis (see Cambon et al, 2013, for a validation of the method for oceanic applications).…”
Section: Model Simulationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Assuming a steady state, lateral oxygen fluxes from subtropical water masses and diapycnal mixing are expected to balance the oxygen consumption . However, the diversity of environmental forcings in the SEP and the variety of timescales at which they operate (Pizarro et al, 2002;Dewitte et al, 2011Dewitte et al, , 2012 have eluded a proper understanding of the processes controlling the OMZ structure and variability. On the one hand, the scarcity of data and rare surveys have only permitted the documentation of the DO temporal variability at a few locations (e.g., Morales et al, 1999;Cornejo et al, 2006;Gutiérrez et al, 2008;Llanillo et al, 2013).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, it has been observed that anchovy can recover even from strong ENSO events within 1Á2 years and, therefore, periods of warm and cold temperature anomalies on the decadal scale seem to play a more important role for long-term anchovy dynamics than ENSO events (Alheit & Niquen 2004). Furthermore, a recent model simulates a cooling trend of the SST off Peru, with an increase in the occurrence of the CP El Niñ o events but a reduction of EP El Niñ o and, thus, mesoscale El Niñ o activity in the northern Humboldt Current region (Dewitte et al 2012). If these model predictions are correct, seabirds in this region may have a favourable time ahead.…”
Section: Humboldt Current Lmementioning
confidence: 99%