Introduction: We conducted preventive interventions for aging-associated cognitive decline (AACD), and compared cognitive ability before and after the intervention. Furthermore, an anteroposterior comparison of health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) and mood states was carried out between the intervention and control groups. We also determined the correlation between cognitive ability, HR-QOL, and mood state.
Materials and methods:We recruited 100 elderly people by distributing public relations magazines and leaflets. For the first three months, the participants attended the seminar as a control period. In the subsequent three months, the intervention using the delayed playback task and rhythmic activities was carried out. The tool used to test cognitive ability was the Five Cognitive Functions (Five Cog), which was developed as a screening test of AACD. The tool used for measurement of HR-QOL was the WHO Quality of Life 26, while the Profile of Mood States-Brief form was used for measurement of mood states. Analysis was conducted with t-test corresponding to the comparison between the intervention group and the control group. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used for the relationship among each of test items.
Result:The results of the Five Cog revealed that 60.4% had no cognitive impairments, 37.7% showed suspected AACD, and 1.9% showed suspected dementia. In the pre-post comparison of cognitive abilities, the total score significantly improved (p < 0.05). HR-QOL also improved overall and in terms of physical, psychological (p < 0.01), and social QOL (p < 0.05). For mood states, tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, fatigue-inertia, and confusion-bewilderment all showed reduced scores at post-test, while vigor-activity improved (p < 0.01). There were positive correlations between HR-QOL and cognitive ability in terms of the attention domain of cognitive ability and psychological QOL, and the reasoning domain and social QOL (p < 0.05). There were negative correlations between mood states and cognitive ability-between the reasoning domain of cognitive ability and tension-anxiety, and between the verbal fluency domain confusion-bewilderment (p < 0.05).
Conclusion:Cognitive ability was positively related to psychological and social QOL, and negatively related to tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, and confusionbewilderment. Accordingly, a key aspect of interventions for AACD should be promotion of psychological stability and social interaction. This would apply to all such interventions that relate to the interventions for AACD.