Change in Reciprocal Inhibition of the Forearm with Motor Imagery among Patients with Chronic Stroke

Kawakami, Michiyuki; Okuyama, Kohei; Takahashi, Yoko; Hiramoto, Miho; Nishimura, Atsuko; Ushiba, Junichi; Fujiwara, Toshiyuki; Liu, Meigen

doi:10.1155/2018/3946367

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…MI and ES alone did not affect reciprocal inhibition. Long-term interventions that target the upper extremities using MI have been known to induce plasticity of the reciprocal inhibition circuits in patients after stroke (Kawakami et al, 2018). However, the effect of short-time MI on reciprocal inhibition remains unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brain activation during MI is similar to that observed during motor execution (Jackson et al, 2001; Chen et al, 2016; Sacheli et al, 2017). MI has been shown to increase corticospinal excitability, the H-reflex, spinal stretch reflex, and reciprocal inhibition (Kiers et al, 1997; Hale et al, 2003; Bakker et al, 2008; Aoyama and Kaneko, 2011; Lebon et al, 2012; Kato and Kanosue, 2017; Ruffino et al, 2017; Kawakami et al, 2018). Mental practice using MI is widely used in sports and rehabilitation (Jackson et al, 2001; de Lange et al, 2008; Malouin and Richards, 2010; Mrachacz-Kersting et al, 2012, 2016; Grospretre et al, 2016; Guerra et al, 2017; Ruffino et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Leg Motor Imagery Combined With Electrical Stimulation on Plasticity of Corticospinal Excitability and Spinal Reciprocal Inhibition

et al. 2019

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Motor imagery (MI) combined with electrical stimulation (ES) enhances upper-limb corticospinal excitability. However, its after-effects on both lower limb corticospinal excitability and spinal reciprocal inhibition remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the effects of MI combined with peripheral nerve ES (MI + ES) on the plasticity of lower limb corticospinal excitability and spinal reciprocal inhibition. Seventeen healthy individuals performed the following three tasks on different days, in a random order: (1) MI alone; (2) ES alone; and (3) MI + ES. The MI task consisted of repetitive right ankle dorsiflexion for 20 min. ES was percutaneously applied to the common peroneal nerve at a frequency of 100 Hz and intensity of 120% of the sensory threshold of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. We examined changes in motor-evoked potential (MEP) of the TA (task-related muscle) and soleus muscle (SOL; task-unrelated muscle). We also examined disynaptic reciprocal inhibition before, immediately after, and 10, 20, and 30 min after the task. MI + ES significantly increased TA MEPs immediately and 10 min after the task compared with baseline, but did not change the task-unrelated muscle (SOL) MEPs. MI + ES resulted in a significant increase in the magnitude of reciprocal inhibition immediately and 10 min after the task compared with baseline. MI and ES alone did not affect TA MEPs or reciprocal inhibition. MI combined with ES is effective in inducing plastic changes in lower limb corticospinal excitability and reciprocal Ia inhibition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Leg Motor Imagery Combined With Electrical Stimulation on Plasticity of Corticospinal Excitability and Spinal Reciprocal Inhibition

et al. 2019

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“…For example, Kang et al and Xu et al demonstrated an increase in neural activity in the motor area during MI training (25, 26). And Kawakami et al also investigated changes of cortex in reciprocal inhibition following MI in patients with chronic stroke, and reported positive plastic changes during mental practice with MI (27). In another pilot study, Mihara et al demonstrated that NIRS-mediated neurofeedback MI could enhance the ipsilesional premotor area activation in correlation with MI training and could have significant effects on the motor deficit recovery in stroke patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Combined Low Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Motor Imagery on Upper Extremity Motor Recovery Following Stroke

et al. 2019

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Objective: To investigate the effects of low frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) combined with motor imagery (MI) on upper limb motor function during stroke rehabilitation. Background: Hemiplegic upper extremity activity obstacle is a common movement disorder after stroke. Compared with a single intervention, sequential protocol or combination of several techniques has been proven to be better for alleviating motor function disorder. Non-invasive neuromodulation techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and motor imagery (MI) have been verified to augment the efficacy of rehabilitation. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to 2 intervention cohorts: (1) experimental group (rTMS+MI group) was applied at 1 Hz rTMS over the primary motor cortex of the contralesional hemisphere combined with audio-based MI; (2) control group (rTMS group) received the same therapeutic parameters of rTMS combined with audiotape-led relaxation. LF-rTMS protocol was conducted in 10 sessions over 2 weeks for 30 min. Functional measurements include Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity (UE-FMA) subscore, the Box and Block Test (BBT), and the Modified Barthel index (MBI) were conducted at baseline, the second week (week 2) and the fourth week (week 4). Results: All assessments of upper limb function improved in both groups at weeks 2 and 4. In particular, significant differences were observed between two groups at end-intervention and after intervention ( p < 0.05). In these findings, we saw greater changes of WMFT ( p < 0.01), UE-FMA ( p < 0.01), BBT ( p < 0.01), and MBI ( p < 0.001) scores in the experimental group. Conclusions: LF-rTMS combined with MI had a positive effect on motor function of upper limb and can be used for the rehabilitation of upper extremity motor recovery in stroke patients.

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“… 44 – 46 MI affects the spinal neural circuits through the descending motor pathway. 45 – 48 Kawakami et al reported that RI of the antagonist muscle was increased during MI in patients with stroke. 45 The effect of ES on RI has also be reported, although the stimulus parameters were different from those used in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 45 – 48 Kawakami et al reported that RI of the antagonist muscle was increased during MI in patients with stroke. 45 The effect of ES on RI has also be reported, although the stimulus parameters were different from those used in the present study. 44 , 49 In this study, we consider that RI circuits may be reinforced by repetitive input from the cortex induced by MI, and peripheral nerves induced by ES.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the combination of motor imagery and electrical stimulation on upper extremity motor function in patients with chronic stroke: preliminary results

Okuyama

Ogura

Kawakami

et al. 2018

Ther Adv Neurol Disord

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Background:The combination of motor imagery (MI) and afferent input with electrical stimulation (ES) enhances the excitability of the corticospinal tract compared with motor imagery alone or electrical stimulation alone. However, its therapeutic effect is unknown in patients with hemiparetic stroke. We performed a preliminary examination of the therapeutic effects of MI + ES on upper extremity (UE) motor function in patients with chronic stroke.Methods:A total of 10 patients with chronic stroke demonstrating severe hemiparesis participated. The imagined task was extension of the affected finger. Peripheral nerve electrical stimulation was applied to the radial nerve at the spiral groove. MI + ES intervention was conducted for 10 days. UE motor function as assessed with the Fugl–Meyer assessment UE motor score (FMA-UE), the amount of the affected UE use in daily life as assessed with a Motor Activity Log (MAL-AOU), and the degree of hypertonia in flexor muscles as assessed with the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) were evaluated before and after intervention. To assess the change in spinal neural circuits, reciprocal inhibition between forearm extensor and flexor muscles with the H reflex conditioning-test paradigm at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 0, 20, and 100 ms were measured before and after intervention.Results:UE motor function, the amount of the affected UE use, and muscle hypertonia in flexor muscles were significantly improved after MI + ES intervention (FMA-UE: p < 0.01, MAL-AOU: p < 0.01, MAS: p = 0.02). Neurophysiologically, the intervention induced restoration of reciprocal inhibition from the forearm extensor to the flexor muscles (ISI at 0 ms: p = 0.03, ISI at 20 ms: p = 0.03, ISI at 100 ms: p = 0.01).Conclusion:MI + ES intervention was effective for improving UE motor function in patients with severe paralysis.

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Change in Reciprocal Inhibition of the Forearm with Motor Imagery among Patients with Chronic Stroke

Cited by 14 publications

References 59 publications

Effects of Leg Motor Imagery Combined With Electrical Stimulation on Plasticity of Corticospinal Excitability and Spinal Reciprocal Inhibition

Effects of Leg Motor Imagery Combined With Electrical Stimulation on Plasticity of Corticospinal Excitability and Spinal Reciprocal Inhibition

The Effects of Combined Low Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Motor Imagery on Upper Extremity Motor Recovery Following Stroke

Effect of the combination of motor imagery and electrical stimulation on upper extremity motor function in patients with chronic stroke: preliminary results

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