Change in Response of Lucilia cuprina Wied. to Organophosphorus Insecticides in Australia

Shanahan, G. J.; Hart, R. C.

doi:10.1038/2121466b0

Cited by 33 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Resistance to diazinon, the most widely used organophosphorus (OP) insecticide for sheep blowfly control in Australia since 1958 (Shanahan 1965), was slower to develop than dieldrin resistance (Shanahan and Hart 1966). Two loci have been implicated (Arnold and Whitten 1976): RI situated on chromosome 4 and R2 on chromosome 6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Studies on Insecticide Resistance in the Australian Sheep Blowfly, Lucilia Cuprina

Whitten¹,

Dearn²,

McKenzie³

1980

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Eggs and larvae of L. cuprina were coIJected from natural fly strikes in a flock of Merino ewes in which sheep had been either treated with the insecticide dieldrin or left as controls. An analysis of gene and genotype frequencies of Rdl locus, which determines resistance to dieldrin, provides support for the existence of strong selection operating during larval development on sheep whose fleece contain insecticide residue. Resistance genotypes appear to be at a disadvantage both in the laboratory and in the insecticide-free environment of control sheep. There is no evidence that flies of different resistance status choose oviposition sites on the basis of the presence of dieldrin residues in the fleece.An explanation is provided for the observation that natural selection for insecticide resistance in the sheep blowfly utilizes major locus variation although the response to laboratory selection is polygenic in origin. The parameters determining the evolution of insecticide resistance in L. cuprina on sheep are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Studies on Insecticide Resistance in the Australian Sheep Blowfly, Lucilia Cuprina

Whitten¹,

Dearn²,

McKenzie³

1980

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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“…The high level resistance to dieldrin in 1957 (Shanahan 1958) and butacarb in 1967 (Roxburgh and Shanahan 1973) of Lucilia cuprina, the fly responsible for most myiasis of sheep in Australia (Mackerras and Fuller 1937;Watts et al 1976), prevented further use of these insecticides. In contrast, when OP resistance first occured in L. cuprina (Shanahan and Hart 1966), it was not of a high order.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

CGA‐72662—A new sheep blowfly insecticide

et al. 1982

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The efficiency of 2-cyclopropylamino-4, 6-diamino-s-triazine CGA-72662 (proposed common name: cyromazine) for the control of blowfly strike was tested in fly cage and field trials on sheep. The safety to sheep and physico-chemical properties of the compound as they relate to blowfly control were also assessed. When the sheep were thoroughly jetted with a solution of CGA-72662 containing 1g of active ingredient per litre, the mean incidence of fly strike in 7 field trials was reduced from 16.5% to 1.5% over a period of 9 weeks. The incidence of strike in the treated sheep in 2 insectary tests, which imposed levels of fly activity far in excess of that usually encountered in the field, was reduced from 93% and 73% in untreated sheep to 2% and nil respectively over a period of 8 weeks. Jetting with CGA-72662 solutions 100 times greater than the recommended concentration did not produce any side effects in sheep. Three treatments at twice the recommended concentration during the first trimester did not affect pregnant ewes nor their progeny. The compound was safe to use in combination with common anthelmintics and with sheep dips used for control of lice. CGA-72662 was stable in solution. No stripping occurred in dips and it persisted on wool for a considerable period. A satisfactory alternative to the organophosphorus insecticides has been found in CGA-72662, since it provided a substantial increase in residual protection against blowfly strike with a high degree of safety.

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“…Organophosphate resistance (Shanahan & Hart 1966) means that diazinon was a poor choice against blowfly but effectiveness against sheep body lice, Bovicola ovis (Schrank) is excellent with resistance apparently rare (Levot 1994). Topical application via shower or plunge (immersion) dipping in diazinon solution was usually the treatment of choice when resistance to low-volume pyrethroid concentrate 'backline' products (Levot & Hughes 1990;Johnson et al 1992;Levot et al 1995) diminished the effectiveness of these products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Speed of action and in vitro efficacy of spinosad against sheep body lice, Bovicola ovis (Schrank) (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae), resistant to pyrethroid, organophosphate or insect growth regulator insecticides

Levot¹

2008

Australian Journal of Entomology

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Results of laboratory bioassays indicated that spinosad was equally effective against sheep lice populations that were susceptible to insecticides or resistant to pyrethroid, organophosphorus or insect growth regulator (IGR) insecticides. Spinosad had similar toxicity against susceptible strains of lice to that previously reported for diazinon, but lower toxicity than cypermethrin. Lethal concentrations of spinosad and diazinon caused knock down of lice within 6 h of exposure and death within 24 h. Prior to the current phasing out of diazinon as a sheep dip, most wool producers, needing to control pyrethroid-or IGR-resistant lice infestations in short-wool, would have chosen to use diazinon. Our results suggest that spinosad is an effective alternative for treatment of lice resistant to other chemical groups.

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Change in Response of Lucilia cuprina Wied. to Organophosphorus Insecticides in Australia

Cited by 33 publications

References 5 publications

Field Studies on Insecticide Resistance in the Australian Sheep Blowfly, Lucilia Cuprina

Field Studies on Insecticide Resistance in the Australian Sheep Blowfly, Lucilia Cuprina

CGA‐72662—A new sheep blowfly insecticide

Speed of action and in vitro efficacy of spinosad against sheep body lice, Bovicola ovis (Schrank) (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae), resistant to pyrethroid, organophosphate or insect growth regulator insecticides

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