Change in Salinity of Indonesian Upper Water in the Southeastern Indian Ocean during Argo Period

Iskandar, Mochamad Riza; Suga, Toshio

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10430

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…The seasonal SSS is influenced by rainfall, evaporation, wind, current, river runoff, and geographical conditions. However, the oceanic-atmospheric mechanisms, including the interaction between evaporation (E) and precipitation (P) that influence the freshwater flux in the Maritime Continent (e.g., Indonesia), have successfully shaped the SSS changes in the southeastern Indian Ocean [8]. Similarly, Li et al [9] agreed with the contribution of local precipitation (P), which is favorable for SSS trends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Generating a monthly variability of sea surface salinity based on source tracing of salt concentration and the estimated SEBAL-evaporation

Ghazali,

Saepuloh,

Wikantika

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The variation and spatial distribution of sea surface salinity (SSS) depend on the geographic condition of the water surfaces and the temporal variation of atmospheric conditions. The SSS might differ in a local coastal area compared to similar situations in global and regional oceans. The SSS values have been estimated based on spatial regression of extracted water-salt concentration as a source tracing of salt against corrected Landsat 8 satellite data during the drought season of April 2023. Here, the electrical conductivity (EC) from the Cimanuk River can be used as primary data. This result, paired with the evaporation-derived surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) algorithm, explains a monthly SSS variability after the validation using pre-defined resampled regional SSS and evaporation data. The result shows variations in estimated SSS values along with fluctuated SEBAL evaporation ranging from 1.64 to 1.62 dS/m and 1.04 to 0.41 W/m2, respectively. It describes monthly variability and their relationship in a local coastal area limited to the condition of a drought season. However, the validation shows that the root means square error (RMSE) of 1.00 from the SSS map, produced by the regression model involving band 7 of Landsat 8 and 9, has satisfied the reasonable SSS value ranges besides the best accuracy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Generating a monthly variability of sea surface salinity based on source tracing of salt concentration and the estimated SEBAL-evaporation

Ghazali,

Saepuloh,

Wikantika

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…Angin muson secara bergantian bergerak melintasi wilayah Indonesia sepanjang tahun dengan periode enam bulan yakni bulan April hingga September (angin muson timur) dan Oktober hingga Maret (angin muson barat) (Dida et al, 2016). Laut Indonesia merupakan wilayah yang unik di dunia, tidak hanya karena satu-satunya jalur lintang rendah di lautan dunia, tetapi juga karena karakteristik samudera dan atmosfernya (Ffield & Gordon, 1996;Fieux et al, 1994;Gordon, 1986;Gordon & Fine, 1996;Ilahude & Gordon, 1996;Koch-Larrouy et al, 2008;Sprintall & Revelard, 2014;Tillinger & Gordon, 2009;Vranes et al, 2002) dalam (Iskandar & Suga, 2022) Perairan Indonesia menyediakan jalur samudera yang menghubungkan Pasifik tropis dan Samudera Hindia, yang dikenal sebagai Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) Gordon, 1986 dalam (Iskandar & Suga, 2022). Salah satu jalur lintasn dari ITF adalah Selat Sunda Susanto et al, (2016) dalam (Iskandar & Suga, 2022) Perairan Selat Sunda di pengaruhi oleh pola angin monsun yang menyebabkan Selat Sunda mengalami empat musim yaitu musim monsun barat, peralihan I monsun timur dan peralihan II, selain itu Selat Sunda merupakan jalur dari Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) sehingga menjadi lokasi yang menarik untuk dilaksanakan penelitian.…”

Section: Seasonal Water Mass Analysis In the Sunda Straitunclassified

“…Laut Indonesia merupakan wilayah yang unik di dunia, tidak hanya karena satu-satunya jalur lintang rendah di lautan dunia, tetapi juga karena karakteristik samudera dan atmosfernya (Ffield & Gordon, 1996;Fieux et al, 1994;Gordon, 1986;Gordon & Fine, 1996;Ilahude & Gordon, 1996;Koch-Larrouy et al, 2008;Sprintall & Revelard, 2014;Tillinger & Gordon, 2009;Vranes et al, 2002) dalam (Iskandar & Suga, 2022) Perairan Indonesia menyediakan jalur samudera yang menghubungkan Pasifik tropis dan Samudera Hindia, yang dikenal sebagai Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) Gordon, 1986 dalam (Iskandar & Suga, 2022). Salah satu jalur lintasn dari ITF adalah Selat Sunda Susanto et al, (2016) dalam (Iskandar & Suga, 2022) Perairan Selat Sunda di pengaruhi oleh pola angin monsun yang menyebabkan Selat Sunda mengalami empat musim yaitu musim monsun barat, peralihan I monsun timur dan peralihan II, selain itu Selat Sunda merupakan jalur dari Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) sehingga menjadi lokasi yang menarik untuk dilaksanakan penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi karakteristik massa air laut di Selat Sunda yang dipengaruhi empat musim selama satu tahun pada kedalaman mix layer, termoklin dan deap layer serta mengidentifikasi masa air laut dari Samudra Hindia Selat Sunda adalah jalur penghubung Laut Jawa dengan Samudera Hindia dan terletak di antara Pulau Sumatera dan Pulau Jawa di perairan ini masih terpengaruh oleh adanya angina Monsun.…”

Section: Seasonal Water Mass Analysis In the Sunda Straitunclassified

Analisis Massa Air Musiman di Selat Sunda

Aji¹,

Pranowo²,

Santosa³

et al. 2022

chartdatum

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Perairan Selat Sunda merupakan bagian dari laut Indonesia dengan memiliki karakteristik yang menarik. Perairan Selat Sunda di pengaruhi oleh pola angin monsun yang menyebabkan Selat Sunda mengalami empat musim yaitu musim monsun barat, peralihan I monsun timur dan peralihan II, selain itu Selat Sunda merupakan jalur dari Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) sehingga menjadi lokasi yang menarik untuk dilaksanakan penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi karakteristik massa air laut di Selat Sunda yang dipengaruhi empat musim selama satu tahun pada kedalaman mix layer, termoklin dan deap layer serta mengidentifikasi masa air laut dari Samudra Hindia. Data yang digunakan adalah data temperatur dan salinitas untuk mengidentifikasai massa air, data bersumber dari situs infrastructure development of space oceanography (INDESO) dengan rentang waktu Desember 2014 sampai dengan Januari 2015. Hasil pengolahan data yang didaapatkan salintas tertinggi di lapisan permukaan terjadi pada musim peralihan II (31,6-33,7 psu) sedang terendah terjadi pada peralihan I (30,5-31,3 psu). Lapisan termoklin memiliki rata-rata tertinggi terjadi pada bulan peralihan I (34,8 psu) dan terendah pada musim hujan (34,65 psu). Pada lapisan dalam rata-rata memiliki salinitas 34,9 psu. Temperatur lapisan permukaan tertinggi pada musim peralihan kemarau (30,2-30,4°C) sedangkan terendah pada musim hujan (29,7-29,5°C). Pada lapisan termoklin rata-rata temperatur tertinggi pada musim kemarau 21,20 °C dan terendah pada musim peralihan I (19 °C). Pada lapisan dalam rata-rata temperatur tertinggi terjadi pada musim peralihan I (10,8 °C) dan terendah pada musim hujan (10,33 °C). Pada perairan ini diduga dilintasi massa air dari Samudra Hindia yaitu Indian Equator Water (IEW), Indonesian Upper Water (IUW) dan South Indian Central Water (SICW).

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“…A consensus understanding emerging from existing observation‐based studies is a global‐scale trend of “salty gets saltier, fresh gets fresher” during the past decades (Boyer, 2005; Cravatte et al., 2009; Curry et al., 2003; Durack, 2015; Durack & Wijffels, 2010; Iskandar & Suga, 2022; Rosenheim et al., 2005; Schuckmann et al., 2009), broadly consistent with the “dry gets drier, wet gets wetter” paradigm in FWFs (Cheng et al., 2020; Curry et al., 2003; Durack & Wijffels, 2010; Durack et al., 2012; Hosoda et al., 2009; Ren et al., 2022). Generally, the salinification of high‐salinity surface waters (such as the Atlantic and the southern Indian Oceans) and the freshening of low‐salinity surface waters (such as the tropical Indo‐Pacific and the Southern Oceans) are primarily linked to broad‐scale FWF changes (Cheng et al., 2020; Skliris et al., 2014; Swart et al., 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Salinity Changes of the Tropical and Subtropical Oceans Since 1970 and Their Relationship With Surface Freshwater Fluxes

Ge,

Li,

Lyu

et al. 2023

JGR Oceans

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Sea surface salinity (SSS) has shown a broad‐scale trend pattern of “salty gets saltier, fresh gets fresher” during the past decades, in line with changes in surface freshwater fluxes (FWFs). Yet, regional SSS changes and their relationship with FWFs are more complex and less appreciated, causing uncertainties in understanding the link between ocean salinity and the global water cycle. Based on the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model, we simulated the observed trends of tropical freshening and subtropical salinification since 1970 and gained insight into underlying processes through sensitivity experiments. Albeit with regional differences, changes in precipitation rate are the leading driver for SSS trends in most parts of the tropical and subtropical oceans, with a contribution of typically >60% in six selected regions. The roles of wind‐driven ocean dynamics and evaporation are secondary, contributing by <20% and <30%, respectively. Our results also suggest notable regional contrasts in the SSS‐FWF relationship. Particularly, many regions within the 10°–20° bands show opposite trends in SSS and FWF. Both the climatological and perturbed circulations are essential in this regionality. Specifically, the poleward Ekman transports driven by tropical trade winds act to broaden the SSS‐freshening regions generated by increased tropical rainfall; wind‐driven alterations in the geostrophic circulation cause SSS advection across zonal salinity gradients. These processes drive SSS changes that are opposite in sign to local FWF changes and complicate the regional SSS‐FWF relationship in the long‐term change since 1970.

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Change in Salinity of Indonesian Upper Water in the Southeastern Indian Ocean during Argo Period

Cited by 4 publications

References 70 publications

Generating a monthly variability of sea surface salinity based on source tracing of salt concentration and the estimated SEBAL-evaporation

Generating a monthly variability of sea surface salinity based on source tracing of salt concentration and the estimated SEBAL-evaporation

Analisis Massa Air Musiman di Selat Sunda

Surface Salinity Changes of the Tropical and Subtropical Oceans Since 1970 and Their Relationship With Surface Freshwater Fluxes

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