Change in Serum Sodium Concentration During a Cold Weather Ultradistance Race

Stuempfle, Kristin J.; Lehmann, Donald J; Case, H. Samuel; Hughes, Sarah Anne; Evans, Deborah

doi:10.1097/00042752-200305000-00008

Cited by 55 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The prevalence of EAH has been extensively investigated in endurance athletes such as marathoners Chorley et al 2007;Hew et al 2003;Kipps et al 2011;Mettler et al 2008), ultra-marathoners (Knechtle et al 2010a(Knechtle et al , 2011bLee et al 2011;Reid and King 2007;Stuempfle et al 2002Stuempfle et al , 2003 and Ironman triathletes Sharwood et al 2002;Speedy et al 2001a). In marathoners, the prevalence of EAH amounts up to about 22% depending upon the number of investigated athletes, their gender and fitness level Chorley et al 2007;Hew et al 2003;Kipps et al 2011;Mettler et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No case of exercise-associated hyponatraemia in top male ultra-endurance cyclists: the ‘Swiss Cycling Marathon’

Rüst

Knechtle

et al. 2011

Eur J Appl Physiol

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The prevalence of exercise-associated hyponatraemia (EAH) has been investigated in endurance athletes such as runners and Ironman triathletes, but not in ultra-endurance road cyclists. We assessed fluid intake and changes in body mass, urine specific gravity and plasma sodium concentration ([Na(+)]) in 65 ultra-endurance road cyclists in a 720-km ultra-cycling marathon, the 'Swiss Cycling Marathon'. The cyclists lost 1.5 (1.7)% body mass (P < 0.01). No athlete developed EAH. Fluid intake was associated with the change in plasma [Na(+)] (r = -0.32, P < 0.05) and the change in body mass (r = -0.30, P < 0.05). The change in plasma [Na(+)] was related to post-race plasma [Na(+)] (r = 0.63, P < 0.0001). To conclude, ad libitum fluid intake in ultra-endurance cyclists in a single-stage ultra-endurance road cycling race showed no case of EAH. Future studies regarding drinking behaviour in different ultra-endurance disciplines might give insights into why the prevalence of EAH is different in the different disciplines. Abstract The prevalence of exercise-associated hyponatraemia (EAH) has been investigated in endurance athletes such as runners and Ironman triathletes, but not in ultraendurance road cyclists. We assessed fluid intake and changes in body mass, urine specific gravity and plasma sodium concentration ([Na ? ]) in 65 ultra-endurance road cyclists in a 720-km ultra-cycling marathon, the 'Swiss Cycling Marathon'. The cyclists lost 1.5 (1.7)% body mass (P \ 0.01). No athlete developed EAH. Fluid intake was associated with the change in plasma [Na ? ] (r = -0.32, P \ 0.05) and the change in body mass (r = -0.30, P \ 0.05). The change in plasma [Na ? ] was related to post-race plasma [Na ? ] (r = 0.63, P \ 0.0001). To conclude, ad libitum fluid intake in ultra-endurance cyclists in a single-stage ultra-endurance road cycling race showed no case of EAH. Future studies regarding drinking behaviour in different ultra-endurance disciplines might give insights into why the prevalence of EAH is different in the different disciplines.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No case of exercise-associated hyponatraemia in top male ultra-endurance cyclists: the ‘Swiss Cycling Marathon’

Rüst

Knechtle

et al. 2011

Eur J Appl Physiol

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“…In the case of fluid overload, body mass increased and plasma sodium concentration decreased [13,15,16]. Dehydration generally resulted in a decrease of body mass as has been noted in ultra-marathoners [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Dehydration generally resulted in a decrease of body mass as has been noted in ultra-marathoners [3]. In cases of excessive fluid intake with fluid overload [17], we would expect a stable or increased body mass [16,17], a decrease in plasma sodium concentration [16][17][18][19], an increase in plasma volume [19] and a decrease in haematocrit due to haemodilution [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do ultra-runners in a 24-h run really dehydrate?

Knechtle

Wirth²,

Knechtle³

et al. 2010

Ir J Med Sci

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Background Loss of body mass during a 24-h run was considered to be a result of dehydration. Aims We intended to quantify the decrease in body mass as a loss in fat mass or skeletal muscle mass and to quantify the change in hydration status. Methods Body mass, fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, haematocrit, plasma sodium and urinary specific gravity were measured in 15 ultra-marathoners in a 24-h run. Results Body mass decreased by 2.2 kg (p = 0.0009) and fat mass decreased by 0.5 kg (p = 0.0084). The decrease in body mass correlated to the decrease in fat mass (r = 0.72, p = 0.0024). Urinary specific gravity increased from 1.012 to 1.022 g/mL (p = 0.0005). Conclusions The decrease in body mass and the increase in urinary specific gravity indicate dehydration. The decrease in body mass was correlated to the decrease in fat mass and therefore not only due to dehydration.

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“…Given a delay in response to the body heat sensors and the lower body heat generated during low intensity exercise, input from the body heat sensors may not have reflected the actual energy cost associated with these exercises. In addition it should also be considered that sweat production increases with higher intensity exercise, and also increases with higher trained individuals (81). Due to this investigation taking place in a free living environment certain conditions were variable from session to session such as temperature and relative humidity.…”

Section: 42mentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation Of The Bodymedia Mini Armband To Estimate Energy Expenditure Of Female Basketball Players During Variable Intensity Game-like Conditions

Taylor¹

2014

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

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iv Monitoring an athlete's energy intake and energy expenditure (EE) is an important consideration of nutritional planning for sport conditioning and peak performance. In order to provide appropriate recommendations regarding nutritional requirements and caloric needs, an accurate determination of energy requirements is necessary. By knowing an individual's EE, a coach or trainer may be effectively able to determine training loads and volumes necessary for periodization, and seasonal planning for a particular sport. Purpose: To examine the accuracy of the BodyMedia mini armband, to assess EE in female basketball players during various-intensity game-like conditions. Methods: A cross-sectional correlation design with multiple observations was employed. This investigation required three testing sessions, an orientation session, and 2 experimental trial sections. Trials included a maximal multistage 20-m shuttle run (Trial I) and 30-minute basketball skills session (Trial II). The independent variable for this investigation was EE estimated by the Mini armband. The dependent variable was EE determined by the indirect calorimetry (IC) method. Results: EE assessed with the Mini and EE measured with the IC method was significantly correlated for both Trial I (r= 0.839) and Trial II (r= 0.833). EE calculated by the Mini was significantly underestimated in both Trial I (9.41 ± 26.1 total kcals) and Trial II (56.71 ± 14.1 total kcals). During Trial I the underestimation of EE increased with an increase in test level and intensity. Conclusion: Due to the underestimation of EE by the Mini, the development of exercise specific algorithms to improve the estimation of EE during intermittent exercise in basketball players is warranted. VALIDATION OF THE BODYMEDIA MINI ARMBAND TO ESTIMATE ENERGY EXPENDITURE OF FEMALE BASKETBALL PLAYERS DURING VARIABLE INTENSITY GAME-LIKE CONDITIONS INTRODUCTIONMonitoring an athlete's energy intake and energy expenditure (EE) is an important consideration of nutritional planning for sport conditioning and peak performance. In order to provide appropriate recommendations regarding nutritional requirements and caloric needs, an accurate determination of energy requirements is necessary. By knowing an individuals' EE, a coach or trainer is effectively able to determine training loads, volumes necessary for periodization, and seasonal planning for a particular sport. When caloric intake is not appropriate, changes in body composition may negatively impact overall health and athletic performance (49).Total energy expenditure (TEE) is the amount of energy needed to meet daily physiological demands (48). Monitored across a 24 hour period, TEE includes the following components: 1) basal metabolic rate (BMR), (i.e. the amount of daily energy expended at rest in order to maintain bodily functions) (48); 2) thermic effect of food (i.e. the amount of energy expended during the digestion, absorption, and transportation of nutrients) (48); and 3) physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) (i.e. the amount...

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Change in Serum Sodium Concentration During a Cold Weather Ultradistance Race

Abstract: Decreased serum sodium concentration after a cold weather ultradistance race was due to fluid overload caused by excessive fluid consumption. Current recommendations that ultradistance athletes consume 500 to 1000 mL/h may be too high for athletes competing in the extreme cold.

Cited by 55 publications

References 32 publications

No case of exercise-associated hyponatraemia in top male ultra-endurance cyclists: the ‘Swiss Cycling Marathon’

No case of exercise-associated hyponatraemia in top male ultra-endurance cyclists: the ‘Swiss Cycling Marathon’

Do ultra-runners in a 24-h run really dehydrate?

Validation Of The Bodymedia Mini Armband To Estimate Energy Expenditure Of Female Basketball Players During Variable Intensity Game-like Conditions

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