Change in the Upper Airway of Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis

Abstract

Modified MMA-ASSO method might be an effective treatment option for OSAS patients with improvement of airway problems and esthetic facial profile.

Analyses of aerodynamic characteristics of the oropharynx applying CBCT: obstructive sleep apnea patients versus control subjects

“…Previous studies have concluded that various OSA therapies (viz., MAD, and upper airway surgery) change the airflow characteristics within the upper airway of the OSA patients. [10][11][12][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] In responders, the airway resistance reduced significantly as a result of treatment, which shows that the repetitive collapse of the upper airway may indeed be explained by the high R of the oropharynx. 11-14, 44, 45 However, there is still a lack of knowledge on the comparison of the aerodynamic characteristics of the oropharynx between responders and non-responders at baseline, which can help to recognize the non-responders before starting a treatment.…”

Investigation of the effects of miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion on airflow in the upper airway of an adult patient with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome using computational fluid-structure interaction analysis

“… 1 On the basis of the etiology, severity, and collapse site in the upper airway (UA), various treatment modalities have been applied, such as weight reduction, continuous positive airway pressure therapy, intraoral appliance therapy, soft tissue procedures, and maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) surgery. 1 2 3 …”

“…Three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used to investigate airflow dynamics in patients with OSAS. 3 16 17 18 19 20 However, because UA, particularly the pharynx, is a deformable structure, adoption of fluid-structure interaction (FSI), which is a computational method to simulate flow and structural changes, has been recommended. 17 21 The use of FSI simulation can overcome the limitation of the rigid wall design in CFD and provide more realistic results compared with CFD.…”

Anesthetic management for simultaneous drug-induced sleep endoscopy and maxillomandibular advancement in a patient with obstructive sleep apnea

“…The incidence of OSA is estimated to be 0.89% in adults aged 25 years or older, and is higher among men, obese patients, and patients with hypertension and diabetes [ 8 ]. Patients with symptoms of OSA exhibit additional risk factors, including cardiovascular events, systemic inflammation, excessive daytime sleepiness, and fatigue [ 9 ]. Severity of OSA can be classified as mild (AHI 5-15), moderate (AHI 15-30), or severe (AHI > 30) [ 10 ].…”

“…In MMA, the maxilla and mandible are advanced; accordingly, the velopharyngeal aponeurotic attachment in the posterior region of the maxilla, and the tongue base with pterygomandibular aponeurotic attachment in the linguo-posterior region of the mandible are stretched. This creates tension in the aponeurosis, causing the cross-sectional area and the volume of velo-orohypopharyngeal airway to increase, which improves airflow [ 9 ].…”