Change of Chosen Soil Physical Properties of Chernozem After Seven Years of No-Till Soil Cultivation

Abstract

Soil physical properties were investigated in two types of growing systems -integrated no-till system and conventional system with ploughing, in 1999 -2005 on chernozem in maize growing region. Bulk density decreased and total porosity increased during 7 years in both growing systems. In integrated system the improvement of soil physical properties could be explained by remaining of plant residues on soil surface. In conventional system the plant residues were incorporated into soil by ploughing. This led to the higher proportion of organic matter in soil. Soil cultivated conventionally had significantly higher value of reduced bulk density, significantly lower porosity and significantly higher values of soil moisture compared to soil in integrated no-till system. Maximum capillary water capacity was not significantly influenced by soil cultivation. Values of investigated soil physical properties in both systems were not markedly different from the typical values of cultivated chernozem. AbstraktPočas siedmich rokov 1999 -2005 boli na černozemi hnedozemnej, v kukuričnej výrobnej oblasti, sledované fyzikálne vlastnosti pôdy v dvoch pestovateľských systémochv integrovanom bezorbovom a v konvenčnom s orbou. Počas sedemročného obdobia došlo k zníženiu objemovej hmotnosti redukovanej a k zvýšeniu celkovej pórovitosti pôdy pri oboch spôsoboch obrábania pôdy. Zlepšenie fyzikálnych vlastností pôdy možno vysvetliť ponechávaním rastlinných zvyškov na povrchu pôdy v integrovanom systéme a ich zaorávaním v konvenčnom systéme pestovania plodín, čo zvýšilo podiel organickej hmoty v pôde. Pôda obrábaná konvenčným spôsobom sa vyznačovala štatisticky preukazne vyššou objemovou hmotnosťou redukovanou a štatisticky preukazne nižšou pórovitosťou. Tiež ju 254

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