Change of Physical Self-concept according to Taekwondo Discipline

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to verify differences in changes of physical self-concept between Taekwondo participation group and non Taekwondo participation group in order to meet the needs of the study the limitations of previous studies had to be considered. The participants were elementary students in S city selected by this researcher. 30 students were in the Taekwondo participation group and 40 students were in the non Taekwondo participation group decided by ACSM(15) exercise guide line standard, three times repetition measurements per 12 weeks were executed for 2×3 mixed design with repeated measure. For this statistic, SPSS 12.0 for windows was used for technical statistic, two-way ANOVA, paired t-test, and independent t-test. The results were as follows; First, there were differences of change pattern in physical self-concept generally between Taekwondo participation group and non Taekwondo participation group. Second, there was a difference between Taekwondo exercise group and non Taekwondo exercise group according to 1st and 2nd, 1st and 3rd measurement point partially. Third, there were differences between the Taekwondo exercise group and non Taekwondo exercise group on the 2nd and 3rd measurement. In conclusion, Taekwondo discipline tended to have a large effect increasing physical self-concept.■ keyword :|Taekwondo|Youth Sport|Physical Self-concept|

A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Taekwondo on Physical Self-Concept

“…The study area was divided into China and Korea, and the age groups were classified as children, adolescents, and adults, based on the characteristics of the study participants reported in the included studies. Six of the studies employed the PSDQ as the measurement instrument (Kang & Park, 2003; Lee, 2017; No & Kang, 2014; Peng et al, 2009; Wu, 2014; Zhang & Xu, 2012), while the remaining three studies used modified versions of the PSDQ to suit the characteristics of different study participants (Kim, 2008; Lim & Kim, 2012; Sung, 2009). Hence, the measurement instruments were divided into (a) PSDQ and (b) modified PSDQ.

Figure 1.PRISMA 2020 Retrieval Flow.

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“…Concerning the different dimensions of physical self-concept, the PSDQ is characterized by 11 dimensions, including physical fitness, physical coordination, physical activity, physical obesity, athletic ability, appearance, strength, flexibility, endurance, physical self-esteem, and overall physical self. However, two of the three studies that employed the modified PSDQ version excluded appearance and physical self-esteem (Kim, 2008; Lim & Kim, 2012). Meanwhile, among the six studies utilizing the original PSDQ, three demonstrated no significant effect of taekwondo on appearance (Lee, 2017; Peng et al, 2009; Wu, 2014), and three showed no significant effect on physical self-esteem (No & Kang, 2014; Peng et al, 2009; Wu, 2014).…”

“…We screened the retrieved literature using Zotero 6.0 software, with the screening process described above and shown in Figure 1. We included a total of nine studies, including three studies in Chinese (Peng et al, 2009;Wu, 2014;Zhang & Xu, 2012) and six in Korean (Kang & Park, 2003;Kim, 2008;Lee, 2017;Lim & Kim, 2012;No & Kang, 2014;Sung, 2009), encompassing a total of 1154 participants, with 556 in control groups and 598 in intervention groups. The intervention period ranged from 8 to 16 weeks, with the shortest and longest periods being those of Peng et al, 2009;Wu, 2014, respectively. We coded the studies according to the first author and publication year, number of participants, study area, measurement instruments, and participant age group, with the details as shown in Table 1.…”

“…Furthermore, taekwondo has been found to yield various positive effects on physical, psychological and social functioning, including physical health (Nam & Lim, 2019), personality development (Jeon et al, 2021), psychosocial functioning (Kim et al, 2021), and school life adaptability (Cho et al, 2018). There have been several studies on the relationship between Taekwondo and physical self-concept, but most investigators only reported associations between taekwondo and various dimensions of physical self-concept (Kang & Park, 2003; Kim, 2008; Lee, 2017; Lim & Kim, 2012; No & Kang, 2014; Sung, 2009; Wu, 2014). Moreover, the extent of this association between Taekwondo and some dimensions of physical self-concept varied from study to study.…”

“…Moreover, the extent of this association between Taekwondo and some dimensions of physical selfconcept varied from study to study. For example, Wu (2014) found no effect of Taekwondo on body obesity as measured by the PSDQ, while Kim (2008) reported opposite results. Also, the measurement tools for self-concept sometimes varied across studies.…”