Change of plasma volume, osmolality, and acid–base status in healthy calves after feeding of milk and water- and milk-based oral rehydration solutions

Bachmann, Lisa; Schmidt, Betina; Rauwolf, U.; Wenge, J.; Coenen, Manfred

doi:10.3168/jds.2012-5562

Cited by 18 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Such milk-ORS-mixtures are hypertonic, and administering them should cause thirst. Therefore, calves receiving milk-ORS have to have ad libitum access to water to adjust their hydration status (Bachmann et al, 2012). In a previous study the daily water intake increased 25 to 50% when calves developed diarrhea (Jenny et al, 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and concentrate intake, weight gain and duration of diarrhea in young suckling calves on different diets

Wenge

Steinhöfel²,

Heinrich³

et al. 2014

Livestock Science

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a b s t r a c tDiarrheic calves are fed with milk or milk replacer and oral rehydration solutions (ORS) to ensure energy and electrolyte supply. An easy and time-saving method is the preparation of ORS in milk. As milk-based ORS are hypertonic solutions administration of them may trigger thirst. Therefore, we hypothesized that restrictively fed calves receiving ORS prepared in milk had a higher water intake than restrictively and ad libitum fed calves receiving ORS prepared in water during diarrheic episodes.The daily water intake was measured in 100 individually-housed Holstein Friesian calves from day 2 to 21 of life. One group of the calves was fed with restrictive amounts of milk, the other group got milk ad libitum by an automated milk feeder. Nearly all calves spontaneously developed diarrhea within the observation period from day 2 to 21 of life. In cases of diarrhea the restrictively-fed calves received ORS prepared in milk or ORS prepared in water two hours after their milk meal, whereas the ad libitum-fed calves only got ORS prepared in water. All calves had ad libitum access to water. The daily intake of water, milk, and ORS and weight gain during diarrheic episode were determined. Data were expressed as arithmetic means ( 7standard deviation) and analyzed by using a oneway ANOVA or repeated-measures ANOVA.From day 2 to 21 of life calves fed with restrictive amounts of milk had higher water intakes related to the total dry matter intake (DMI) with 1.6 L/kg of total DMI than ad libitum-fed calves (0.9 L/kg of total DMI) per day. In cases of diarrhea water intake increased in all feeding groups. The calves receiving milk-based ORS had the highest water intake with 1.7 L/d during the period of diarrhea compared to the calves received ORS prepared in water. Moreover, the calves fed ORS in milk showed with 4.6 L/d the highest daily ORS intake. There were no differences in the duration of diarrhea or the daily weight gain during period of diarrhea between the feeding regimens. Therefore, it can be concluded that all feeding regimens were suitable in the treatment of calf diarrhea. The simplest method to treat calves suffering from diarrhea is the preparation of ORS in milk, but then ad libitum availability of water is absolutely necessary. Moreover, calves drink considerable amounts of water within the first 3 weeks of life and therefore should be provided with water for animal welfare reasons.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and concentrate intake, weight gain and duration of diarrhea in young suckling calves on different diets

Wenge

Steinhöfel²,

Heinrich³

et al. 2014

Livestock Science

Self Cite

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“…After fluid meal intake changes in TPP concentrations and the calculation of the plasma volume are also used as a tool to describe the abomasal emptying Bachmann et al () described changes in plasma volume dependent on test meals with different osmolarities. In our study, we determined the changes in plasma volume dependent on health status in combination with test meals with and without ORS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the administration of ORS mixed in milk replacer did not impair milk clotting (Bachmann et al, , ; Kirchner et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abomasal emptying rate of diarrhoeic and healthy suckling calves fed with oral rehydration solutions

Hildebrandt

Scheuch

Schneider

et al. 2020

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The aim of the study was to determine the abomasal emptying rate (AER) of calves suffering from naturally occurring diarrhoea compared with that of healthy calves. Furthermore, the effects of an oral rehydration solution (ORS) mixed into milk replacer on the AER were determined. Acetaminophen absorption test (APAT) was performed to estimate the AER. Sixty Holstein–Frisian calves (age < 14 days) were included in the study and divided into groups as follows: healthy calves (H; n = 16), healthy calves fed with ORS (HORS; n = 14), diarrhoeic calves (D; n = 15) and diarrhoeic calves fed with ORS (DORS; n = 15). For the APAT, the calves were fed 2 L of milk replacer containing 50 mg acetaminophen (AP)/kg body weight. Venous blood samples were collected before and after milk replacer and AP intake in 30–60 min intervals for 12 hr. During the APAT, no significant differences in median maximum acetaminophen concentration (Cmax) were observed among all groups. Time to reach maximum acetaminophen concentration (Tmax) in DORS (median 390 min, 25/75 quartiles: 300/480 min) was significantly higher compared with that in H (median: 270 min 25/75 quartiles: 210/315 min) and HORS (median: 300 min (25/75 quartiles: 240/360 min). Non‐linear regression revealed that the calculated abomasal half‐life (AP t1/2) tended to be delayed in DORS (median: 652 min, 25/75 quartiles: 445/795 min, p = .10). The area under the AP curve values (AUC) from 0 to 120 min and 0 to 240 min of the observation period were significantly higher in H than D and DORS. In conclusion, significant differences in the AER indices reflected delayed abomasal emptying in diarrhoeic calves. Furthermore, the hypertonic ORS tended to have an additive delaying impact on the AER, which needs attention for the feeding management of diarrhoeic calves.

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“…This type of OES has, in other words, electrolyte composition, effective SID, and osmolarity similar to the plasma. When ingested, these solutions produce minimal impact on the electrolyte balance and do not cause iatrogenic acid base imbalances (BACHMANN et al, 2012).…”

Section: Composition Of the Oral Electrolyte Solutions (Oes)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteral fluid therapy in neonatal calves and features of commercially available electrolyte solutions in Brazil

et al. 2017

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INTRODUCTIONThe fluid therapy is indicated for the treatment of diseases that determine dehydration and electrolyte and acid base imbalances and is; therefore, commonly used in ruminants medicine, especially in calves. The goals of the replacement of fluids and electrolytes are the correction of present imbalances, the restoration of blood volume and adequate tissue perfusion and the treatment of shock in animals (CONSTABLE, 2003).Fluid and electrolyte replacement can be performed by enteral hydration (EH) or by intravenous infusion (IV). The EH has advantages over IV and should be the modality of choice whenever possible (BERCHTOLD, 2009). It is easier and cheaper, and should be considered equally effective, whenever the gastrointestinal transit is present and dehydration is not marked (CONSTABLE, 2003).Diarrhea is the main disease that affects neonatal calves and can cause mortality due to the imbalances that are installed (SMITH, 2009). Economic losses are related to the death and to additional costs with drugs, labor and veterinary care. When animals survive, the losses occur due to low performance and reduction in the daily body weight gain (MILLEMANN, 2009).In the treatment of diarrheic calves the therapy with oral electrolyte solutions (OES) is the most important measure. The goal is to correct the dehydration, to reverse the hyponatremia and the CLINIC AND SURGERY

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Change of plasma volume, osmolality, and acid–base status in healthy calves after feeding of milk and water- and milk-based oral rehydration solutions

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Water and concentrate intake, weight gain and duration of diarrhea in young suckling calves on different diets

Water and concentrate intake, weight gain and duration of diarrhea in young suckling calves on different diets

Abomasal emptying rate of diarrhoeic and healthy suckling calves fed with oral rehydration solutions

Enteral fluid therapy in neonatal calves and features of commercially available electrolyte solutions in Brazil

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