“…Although use of these novel data streams create new challenges due to limitations such as high noise level, high volume, and selection bias, many recent efforts have explored social media data as a complementary source to traditional health care data and applied topic models to understand public concerns toward COVID-19 (Doogan et al, 2020;Stokes et al, 2020;Boon-Itt and Skunkan, 2020;Xue et al, 2020;Jang et al, 2020;Du et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2019;Tan et al, 2022a,d), as well as related socioeconomic issues (Su et al, 2021;Sha et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2020;Tan et al, 2018). Here, we extract information from Twitter, a particularly popular social media platform, and focus on studying its spatiotemporal behaviors that are believed to be affected by COVID-19.…”