Changes in a Primary Resistance Parameter of Lodgepole  Pine to Bark Beetle Attack One Year Following Fertilization  and Thinning

Cook, Stephen P.; Carroll, Amy; Kimsey, Mark; Shaw, Terry M.

doi:10.3390/f6020280

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 37 publications

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“…The strong, predominantly positive relationships between phloem mineral content and the numbers and size of resin ducts, in both P. contorta and P. albicaulis, suggest soil nutritional characteristics directly affect production of anatomical defence traits (Cook, Carroll, Kimsey, & Shaw, 2015). For example, fertilization can increase tree growth and resin flow (Knebel, Robison, Wentworth, & Klepzig, 2008;Lombardero et al, 2000), and some aspects of resin ducts may be manipulated genetically and environmentally Rosner & Hannrup, 2004;Westbrook et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical defences against bark beetles relate to degree of historical exposure between species and are allocated independently of chemical defences within trees

Mason

Keefover‐Ring

Villari

et al. 2018

Plant Cell & Environment

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Conifers possess chemical and anatomical defences against tree‐killing bark beetles that feed in their phloem. Resins accumulating at attack sites can delay and entomb beetles while toxins reach lethal levels. Trees with high concentrations of metabolites active against bark beetle‐microbial complexes, and more extensive resin ducts, achieve greater survival. It is unknown if and how conifers integrate chemical and anatomical components of defence or how these capabilities vary with historical exposure. We compared linkages between phloem chemistry and tree ring anatomy of two mountain pine beetle hosts. Lodgepole pine, a mid‐elevation species, has had extensive, continual contact with this herbivore, whereas high‐elevation whitebark pines have historically had intermittent exposure that is increasing with warming climate. Lodgepole pine had more and larger resin ducts. In both species, anatomical defences were positively related to tree growth and nutrients. Within‐tree constitutive and induced concentrations of compounds bioactive against bark beetles and symbionts were largely unrelated to resin duct abundance and size. Fewer anatomical defences in the semi‐naïve compared with the continually exposed host concurs with directional differences in chemical defences. Partially uncoupling chemical and morphological antiherbivore traits may enable trees to confront beetles with more diverse defence permutations that interact to resist attack.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical defences against bark beetles relate to degree of historical exposure between species and are allocated independently of chemical defences within trees

Mason

Keefover‐Ring

Villari

et al. 2018

Plant Cell & Environment

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Bottom-up population regulation of Orthotomicus erosus on irrigated and fertilized Pinus eldarica: A comprehensive field study

Ghorbanian,

Karimi-Malati,

Jalaeian

et al. 2024

Forest Ecology and Management

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Relationships between conifer constitutive and inducible defenses against bark beetles change across levels of biological and ecological scale

Howe

Mason

Gratton

et al. 2020

Oikos

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Plants resist herbivores using both constitutive and induced defenses. Limited resources and biosynthesis costs of anti‐herbivore compounds may impose tradeoffs between these modalities, but the evidence is conflicting. We postulated that biological and ecological scale may influence potential tradeoffs and analyzed constitutive‐induced relationships from genotypic to interspecific levels. We focused on one system, conifer phloem monoterpenes that resist bark beetle attack, to minimize variation from feeding guild or phylogeny. We examined 45 half‐siblings in common gardens (n = 763), seven populations of five species with tree‐level data (n = 436) and 29 studies of nine species with population‐mean data in forests. All studies evaluated mature trees to correspond with beetle behavior in nature and employed common methods of induction and analysis. Rather than a global tradeoff between constitutive and induced defenses, relationships varied with level of biological organization. In common gardens, constitutive concentrations and inducibility (I–C) were inversely related across families and individuals. These relationships did not extend to forest populations, however, where constitutive concentrations and inducibility were positively related. Across populations and species, constitutive concentrations and inducibility were likewise positively related. There was no evidence for inducibility tradeoffs between monoterpene quantity and composition: trees showed no or positive relationships between constitutive concentrations and induced compositional changes. These results suggest environmental variability can supersede underlying physiological tradeoffs in some systems, allowing plants with greater resource pools to excel in multiple defense components. This is further supported by microsite effects on inducibility exceeding family effects in the common gardens, and by relationships between constitutive and absolute induced concentrations being positive at all levels. We present a general model for understanding how underlying physiological tradeoffs are variably manifested across scales. These results can contribute to the protection and resilience of agronomic and native ecosystems and help contextualize organismal‐level allocations to ecosystem‐level patterns across heterogeneous landscapes.

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Changes in a Primary Resistance Parameter of Lodgepole Pine to Bark Beetle Attack One Year Following Fertilization and Thinning

Cited by 4 publications

References 37 publications

Anatomical defences against bark beetles relate to degree of historical exposure between species and are allocated independently of chemical defences within trees

Anatomical defences against bark beetles relate to degree of historical exposure between species and are allocated independently of chemical defences within trees

Bottom-up population regulation of Orthotomicus erosus on irrigated and fertilized Pinus eldarica: A comprehensive field study

Relationships between conifer constitutive and inducible defenses against bark beetles change across levels of biological and ecological scale

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