Changes in Abscisic Acid Levels in Developing Grains of Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum L.</i>

McWha, James A.

doi:10.1093/jxb/26.6.823

Cited by 65 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…The ABA concentration on a ng/g fresh weight basis in the pod wall decreases as the wall increases to its maximum fresh weight. The ABA levels then increase just prior to pod senescence to a maximum concentration of 332 ng/g fresh weight, which is similar to the concentration changes reported for developing and senescing leaves (9). In contrast to the developing seed, the maximum ABA concentration in the pod wall is not associated with rapid growth rates but rather with ABA concentration changes in the seed and plant senescence.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…In grape berries (2), maximum ABA accumulates at fruit maturation during fruit ripening. In wheat (9,14), maximum ABA accumulates in developing seeds during the most active growth period, similar to soybeans but the maximum level is approximately 30-fold less. It appears that the maximum ABA concentration changes may vary with each species and its regulatory role in reproductive development may differ for each crop species.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Abscisic Acid Levels in Soybean Reproductive Structures during Development

Quebedeaux¹,

Sweetser²,

Rowell³

1976

Plant Physiol.

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Abscisic add (ABA) concentrations and growth rates of developing soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv. Wye) seeds and pod wails were determined from anthesis to maturation using high pressre liquid chromatographic techniques. Developing soybean seeds contain up to 12,200 ng/g fresh weight of ABA compared to 330 ng/g fresh weight for pod wails. In the developing seeds ABA levels correlated with growth rates, being the highest during the most active growth period of seed enlagement, and then decreasing to less than 10 ng/g fresh weight at maturity. Higher levels of ABA were found to occur in the cotyledons and seed coats than the root-shoot axes at 21 days postanthesis. The time required for excised root-shoot axes to initiate growth in liquid culture decreased as seed development progressed and ABA levels of the seeds declined.Abscisic acid (ABA) is recognized as a naturally occurring plant hormone of major importance in the regulation of plant growth and development. It has been implicated in such plant growth processes as senescence; abscission of leaves, flowers, and fruits; rest and dormancy of seeds, buds, and tubers; and inhibition of vegetative growth (1,(10)(11)(12)16). In mature seeds, relatively high levels have been found in some species and its occurrence implicated in dormancy and the inhibition of germination (1, 4, 10-12, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21). In developing seeds, little is known of the concentration changes and the physiological role of ABA. In this investigation, we examined the ABA content and growth rates of the developing seeds and pod walls and the growth of root-shoot axes excised from the developing seed at different developmental stages. A preliminary report of this work has been presented (14).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Abscisic Acid Levels in Soybean Reproductive Structures during Development

Quebedeaux¹,

Sweetser²,

Rowell³

1976

Plant Physiol.

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“…McWha (14) and King (10) have shown ABA to be present in developing wheat and King suggested that the dramatic rise (40-fold) in the content of this inhibitor in the period prior to rapid desiccation prevented precocious sprouting. In wheat both of these workers found the level of ABA at its peak to be about 6 to 8 ng per grain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Role of Volatile Fatty Acids and Abscisic Acid in the Dormancy of Oats

et al. 1979

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Species of Avena differ markedly in their levels of pre-and post-harvest dormancy. These species offer the opportunity of determining if dormancy is related to the endogenous level of growth inhibitor. Germinability in two species of differing levels of dormancy, common oat Avena sadva L., and wild oat Avena fatus L. was assessed as were the contents of abscisic acid and volatile fatty acids of chain length C6-ClO. In A. sativa which did not possess postharvest dormancy there was no correlation between germination and inhibitor levels but in A. fatua the relationship between the content of fatty acid and dormancy was good. The loss of these fatty acids in dry storage by evaporation could explain after ripening.In oats (A vena spp.) there is a considerable range of degrees of dormancy from the almost nondormant common oat (A. sativa L.) which at most shows a brief postharvest dormancy, through the appreciable dormancy of the wild oat (A.fatua L.) to the profound dormancy of the winter wild oat (A. ludoviciana Dur.), especially with respect to the upper grain of the dissemule. The level of dormancy in this last species during maturation is less than when fully ripe (17,21). However, Morgan and Berrie (17) showed that if immature grains were dried before testing these dried grains showed a degree of dormancy equivalent to the mature grain.Wright (25) showed that water-stressed plants had elevated levels of an ABA-containing complex, possibly produced to control stomatal aperture (12). It might be concluded that ABA would accumulate in plant tissues in which the water contents were reduced compared to average normal tissues. Inasmuch as ABA is a well known germination inhibitor, such accumulation could explain the pattern of emergence found in maturing A vena spp.With the possible exception of ABA, naturally occurring plant growth inhibitors are considered to be nonspecific (15). This includes the coumarins which can impose light sensitivity on lettuce seed (4). Fatty acids of chain length C6-C12 occur in many plants and influence seed germination and hydrolase production in a manner contrary to known promotive plant hormones (3,9 Ripe grains were stored at a constant temperature of 20 C in darkness until required for analysis.Single large batches of grain were collected. Prior to beginning the routine extractions, a model system employing replication at all levels was carried out for each acid. Isotope dilution was employed to estimate efficiency of extraction and recoveries were also estimated by "seeding" samples with known amounts of acid. From these experiments the coefficient of variation for each acid was determined. In the working analyses the final analysis was carried out in triplicate and the average of these was employed, using the appropriate coefficient of variation to estimate the standard deviation. It is this value which is reported in the tables.Extraction

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“…Although the identification of the environmental factors which infiuence pre-harvest sprouting susceptibility is important in itself, the manipulation of both endogenous concentrations of ABA and embryonic sensitivity to ABA in developing seeds by modifying the plant environment has proved to be a useful approach for studying the link between endogenous ABA and prevention of precocious germination (Benech Arnold et al, 1991). ABA has been shown to accumulate until the end of the grain filling period in developing seeds of a number of species (McWha, 1975;King, 1976;Radley, 1979), and it has been suggested that this accumulation terminates seed growth by causing abscission layer formation (King, 1982). Previous investigations in wheat showed that a shortage in the potassium supply to the mother plant shortens the growing period of the developing grain, and that this is paralleled by an earlier occurrence of the ABA maximum, and also by an increase in its absolute value (Haeder & Beringer, 1981a).…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of potassium nutrition on germinability, abscisic acid content and sensitivity of the embryo to abscisic acid in developing seeds of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

1995

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summary Pre‐harvest sprouting in maturing seeds of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is a major problem in the cultivation of this crop plant. The influence of potassium nutrition on germinability, abscisic acid (ABA) content and embryo ABA sensitivity in its developing seeds was investigated. Plants were grown in sand culture under three different potassium treatments: K1 (control), K2 (one third of the control potassium supply), and K3 (one ninth of the control potassium supply). Reduced potassium increased the germinability of developing seeds during the late stages of maturation (31 and 36 days after pollination, DAP), particularly in K2 grains. These changes in seed germinability were paralleled by a reduced ABA content in the seed and by a lower embryonic sensitivity to ABA. The ABA content of K2 intact grains peaked at 25 DAP and then decreased sharply, being 30–50% lower than that in the controls at 31 and 36 DAP. ABA content in the control gains peaked later in the developmental period (at 31 DAP). By contrast K3 grains had a remarkably constant ABA content during most of the developmental period (20–36 DAP). Sensitivity to ABA was markedly reduced in the embryos from both the low potassium treatments, particularly when tested at an ABA concentration of 5μM. The data indicate that potassium supply influences germinability, ABA concentrations and embryo ABA sensitivity in developing seeds in this species.

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Changes in Abscisic Acid Levels in Developing Grains of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.

Cited by 65 publications

References 0 publications

Abscisic Acid Levels in Soybean Reproductive Structures during Development

Abscisic Acid Levels in Soybean Reproductive Structures during Development

Possible Role of Volatile Fatty Acids and Abscisic Acid in the Dormancy of Oats

Influence of potassium nutrition on germinability, abscisic acid content and sensitivity of the embryo to abscisic acid in developing seeds of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

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