Changes in absorption, fluorescence, dichroism, and birefringence in stained giant axons: Optical measurement of membrane potential

Ross, William N.; Salzberg, Brian M.; Cohen, Lawrence B.; Grinvald, Amiram; Davila, H. V.; Waggoner, Alan S.; Wang, C. H.

doi:10.1007/bf01869514

Cited by 336 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Previous work has shown that certain voltage-sensitive dyes have little or no pharmacological effect when applied from the outside or inside to some invertebrate neurons within a limited concentration range (Ross et al, 1977;Gupta et al, 1981;Antic and Zecevic, 1995). With mitral cells, we found that the resting membrane potential and action potentials recorded electrically from the soma were not affected during the staining period (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Voltage Imaging from Dendrites of Mitral Cells: EPSP Attenuation and Spike Trigger Zones

Djurišić¹,

Antic²,

Chen³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

118

130

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To obtain a more complete description of individual neurons, it is necessary to complement the electrical patch pipette measurements with technologies that permit a massive parallel recording from many sites on neuronal processes. This can be achieved by using voltage imaging with intracellular dyes. With this approach, we investigated the functional structure of a mitral cell, the principal output neuron in the rat olfactory bulb. The most significant finding concerns the characteristics of EPSPs at the synaptic sites and surprisingly small attenuation along the trunk of the primary dendrite. Also, the experiments were performed to determine the number, location, and stability of spike trigger zones, the excitability of terminal dendritic branches, and the pattern and nature of spike initiation and propagation in the primary and secondary dendrites. The results show that optical data can be used to deduce the amplitude and shape of the EPSPs evoked by olfactory nerve stimulation at the site of origin (glomerular tuft) and to determine its attenuation along the entire length of the primary dendrite. This attenuation corresponds to an unusually large mean apparent "length constant" of the primary dendrite. Furthermore, the images of spike trigger zones showed that an action potential can be initiated in three different compartments of the mitral cell: the soma-axon region, the primary dendrite trunk, and the terminal dendritic tuft, which appears to be fully excitable. Finally, secondary dendrites clearly support the active propagation of action potentials.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Voltage Imaging from Dendrites of Mitral Cells: EPSP Attenuation and Spike Trigger Zones

Djurišić¹,

Antic²,

Chen³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

118

130

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“…It is evident that the delays between the action signals at a higher sweep speed corresponds to the progressive retardation due to conduction velocity of the electrical excitation. In experiments using the bull-frog (liana catesbeiana) atrium stained with a merocyanine-rhodanine dye (dye XVII in Ross et al, 1977), we found that the conduction velocity assessed using optical recording was in fairly good agreement with that obtained using microelectrodes; the velocity was 0.20 m/sec using the optical recording and 0.24 m/ sec using the microelectrode method (SAWANOBORI et al, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Flexibility of regional pacemaking priority in early embryonic heart monitored by simultaneous optical recording of action potentials from multiple sites.

et al. 1983

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The propagation of spontaneous action potentials in 7-9 somite embryonic pre-contractile chick hearts was measured optically using a potential-sensitive merocyanine-rhodanine dye. Spontaneous optical signals, corresponding to action potentials, were recorded simultaneously from 8-16 different sites of the primitive embryonic heart. Short delays were observed in the time of occurrence of optical signals obtained from the different regions. We have found (i) switching phenomena: the site exhibiting pacemaking priority was first situated in the right pre-atrium, thereafter it switched over to the left pre-atrium, or vice versa, and (ii) double pacemakers : two different pacemaking areas were situated independently in the right and left pre-atrial portions of the heart. On the basis of analysis of such behavior, it was concluded that the regional priority of the pacemaking activity is not rigid but is flexible, that and the direction of the spread of excitation is adaptable to the circumstances in the early embryonic heart. Key Words: pacemaking priority, early embryonic heart, action potential, multiple-site optical recording.In our previous reports FUJII et al., 198lc;HIROTA et al., 1983), utilizing simultaneous optical recording of spontaneous action potentials from several different sites, we have demonstrated that excitations occurred at the pacemaking area spread out over wide regions of the 7-9 somite embryonic precontractile chick hearts, and that the pacemaking area which perhaps possesses the highest intrinsic rhythmicity is localized mainly in the left atrial primordium by the 9 somite stage of development. The following question was subsequently raised: how is the pacemaking priority organized regionally in the early phases of cardiogenesis? Optical techniques for simultaneous recording spontaneous

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“…This pioneered the use of voltage-sensitive dyes to measure changes in membrane potential and was first used to record changes in intracellular membrane potential from single neurons of the leech segmental ganglion [48]. These studies paved the way for the search and development of better voltage-sensitive dyes with increased signal to noise [12,18,23,34,45], with the promise of an optical solution to measuring changes in membrane potential in neurons in both time and space. This goal was realized with the introduction of photodiode arrays allowing the activity of multiple neurons to be monitored simultaneously [17,20,49].…”

Section: Development Of Voltage-sensitive Dyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging membrane potential in dendrites and axons of single neurons

Stuart

Palmer

2006

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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This review focuses on the use of imaging techniques to record electrical signaling in the fine processes of neurons such as dendrites and axons. Voltage imaging began with the use and development of externally applied voltage-sensitive dyes. With the introduction of internally applied dyes and advances in detection technology, it is now possible to record supra-threshold action potential responses, as well as sub-threshold synaptic potentials, in fine neuronal processes including dendritic spines. The development of genetically coded sensors, as well as variants of laser scanning microscopy such as second harmonic generation, offers promise for further advances in this field. Through the use and further development of these methods, optical imaging of membrane potential will continue to be a valuable tool for investigators wishing to explore the electrical events underlying single neuronal computation.

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Changes in absorption, fluorescence, dichroism, and birefringence in stained giant axons: Optical measurement of membrane potential

Cited by 336 publications

References 35 publications

Voltage Imaging from Dendrites of Mitral Cells: EPSP Attenuation and Spike Trigger Zones

Voltage Imaging from Dendrites of Mitral Cells: EPSP Attenuation and Spike Trigger Zones

Flexibility of regional pacemaking priority in early embryonic heart monitored by simultaneous optical recording of action potentials from multiple sites.

Imaging membrane potential in dendrites and axons of single neurons

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