Changes in accommodation dynamics after alcohol consumption, for two different doses

Casares-López, Miriam; Torres, Joseph J.; Ortiz-Peregrina, Sonia; Ortíz, Carolina; Anera, Rosario G.

doi:10.1007/s00417-020-04978-0

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Accommodative lags were similar to those found by a recent study in 31 young cannabis users for the baseline session and after smoking cannabis, although in that study cannabis use generated greater increase in the accommodative lag than in the present work 23 . In general, the lags observed here were comparable to those reported in recent studies employing the same optometer, although those works were not related to cannabis consumption 46,50,52,54 . In some cases, accommodative lag was employed to investigate the effect of another psychoactive substances.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The data was then divided into accommodation and disaccommodation cycles (three of each class), and we calculated the mean step response. From this, we calculated the mean accommodation and disaccommodation velocities (D/s), and also the accommodation and disaccommodation peak velocity (D/s), as described by other authors 48‐50 . Firstly, the amplitude of the response (D) was calculated as the maximum difference in the step response.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From this, we calculated the mean accommodation and disaccommodation velocities (D/s), and also the accommodation and disaccommodation peak velocity (D/s), as described by other authors. [48][49][50] Firstly, the amplitude of the response (D) was calculated as the maximum difference in the step response. The mean accommodation and disaccommodation velocities were obtained as the absolute value of the dioptric change divided by the time over the interval 10%-90% of the total step (80% of the absolute value).…”

Section: Accommodative Function Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of the accommodative response after smoking cannabis

Ortiz-Peregrina

Ortíz

Martino

et al. 2021

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose Cannabis is the most widely consumed illicit drug worldwide. It has been suggested that cannabis could generate blurred vision during reading tasks. The goal of this study was to objectively assess the acute effects of smoking cannabis on the dynamics of ocular accommodation. The influence of other factors, including target distance and the direction of accommodation, as well as personal characteristics, were also analysed. Methods Nineteen young people who were occasional cannabis users participated in the study (mean age 22.53 [3.12] years). Their usage profiles were evaluated by means of the Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test‐revised (CUDIT‐r). The dynamics of the accommodative response were evaluated using an open‐field auto refractor (Grand Seiko WAM‐5500). The participants completed two different experimental sessions, one week apart, and in random order (baseline session and after smoking cannabis). During these sessions, the amplitude of the response (D), mean velocity (D/s), peak velocity (D/s), response time (s), accommodative lag (D) and accommodation variability (D) were measured. Results The results indicated that cannabis use had a significant main effect on the mean accommodation/disaccommodation velocity (F1,13 = 7.21; p = 0.02; ηp2 = 0.396). Cannabis consumption also interacted significantly with other factors. Response time showed a significant two‐way interaction between condition × target distance (F1,13 = 11.71; p = 0.005; ηp2 = 0.474) and condition × accommodation direction (F1,13 = 8.71; p = 0.01; ηp2 = 0.401). For mean velocity, two‐way interactions were found between condition × age (F1,13 = 6.03; p = 0.03; ηp2 = 0.354), condition × CUDIT‐r score (F1,13 = 6.03; p = 0.03; ηp2 = 0.356) and condition × target distance (F1,13 = 7.20; p = 0.02; ηp2 = 0.396). Conclusions These findings suggest that cannabis use can alter the accommodation process, although further studies should be carried out to explore the role of attention deficits. According to these results, certain daily activities that depend on an accurate accommodative function may be affected by cannabis use.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accommodative Function Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dynamics of the accommodative response after smoking cannabis

Ortiz-Peregrina

Ortíz

Martino

et al. 2021

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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“…Each participant was provided with 450 mL of wine, in such a way that we obtained different alcohol rates. This amount was selected based on previous experiments carried out in our laboratories [ 2 , 9 ]. For this amount of wine, all participants reached or exceeded the legal limit of alcohol for driving in Spain, and most other countries (a BrAC of 0.25 mg/L, equivalent to a BAC of 0.05%) [ 1 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors have found a clear deterioration of near stereoacuity following alcohol consumption [3], but others have observed no effect [5,6]. What is clear is that alcohol does affect the accommodative function and vergence system [7][8][9], which could influence stereoacuity. In this sense, some works have shown that exophoria (increased at near vision tasks under the effects of alcohol) has a lesser effect on stereopsis, although it may vary depending on the magnitude of the exophoria [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Visual Performance under the Effects of Moderate–High Alcohol Consumption: The Influence of Biological Sex

Casares-López

Torres

Ortiz-Peregrina

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes in visual functions under the effects of moderate‒high breath alcohol concentrations (BrACs), and the influence of biological sex on visual deterioration, considering different factors. A total of 37 healthy habitual alcohol users were enrolled in the experiment. The participants underwent a baseline session and a second session after an intake of 450 mL of red wine, so that all of them reached a BrAC above 0.25 mg/L. Visual performance was assessed by measuring the contrast sensitivity function, the halo perception, the stereopsis, and finally the retinal image quality. A Visual Deterioration Score (VDS) was calculated using the deterioration of these visual variables. All visual functions analyzed were significantly impaired following alcohol consumption (p < 0.05). The VDS was associated with the BrAC (ρ = −0.476). The VDS was also significantly higher in females, with the BrAC having a significant effect on the variability of the VDS in males and females (p < 0.05). However, the body mass index showed no significant effect (p > 0.05). Visual functions were significantly impaired under the influence of alcohol, and this deterioration was greater in females. The deterioration depends on the BrAC reached, being the primary thing responsible for the differences observed between males and females.

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