Changes in active travel of school children from 2004 to 2010 in New South Wales, Australia

No Association Between Active Commuting to School, Adiposity, Fitness, and Cognition in Spanish Children: The MOVI‐KIDS Study

“…Additionally, few studies were conducted among populations with high frequencies of children cycling to school . In the present study, all children made the trip from home to school on foot, which could indicate that walking to school does not have enough potential to improve body adiposity as has been described in other studies . On the other hand, these findings could be explained by country differences in cycling and walking habits.…”

“…However, it is unclear whether ACS has the potential to improve several aspect of health, because of its short duration and low intensity . Although several studies have investigated the association between ACS, adiposity, and physical fitness, most of them addressed adolescents, and results are not consistent . Accordingly, more research is needed to explore these relationships …”

Associations Between Active School Transport and Physical Activity, Body Composition, and Cardiovascular Fitness: A Systematic Review of 68 Studies

“…Of these, 28 assessed PA using accelerometers, 30-52,91,92,95,99,102 9 using pedometers, 53-61 and 14 using questionnaires or diaries 51,92,93 (2 studies used both accelerometers and questionnaires). 51,92 Children using AST accumulated more daily PA than passive travelers in 40 studies 30,32,37-45,48-57,59-66, [69][70][71][72][91][92][93]94,95,99,102 (81.6% of the studies), while the 9 remaining studies found no difference between modes of transportation. 31,[33][34][35][36]46,58,67,68 AST was associated with higher PA levels in 22 of the 28 studies that used accelerometers (78.6%).…”

“…Thirty-nine studies examined the association between AST and the following indicators of body composition: BMI (38 studies), 33,34,[36][37][38][39][41][42][43][44]46,47,54,58,63,64,67,68,70,[72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86]92,94,96,98 31 Actigraph accelerometer worn for 4 consecutive days No difference in the percentage of time spent in MVPA or sedentary behavior between active and passive travelers (data not reported).…”

“…Meron (2011) 94 Adolescent Physical Activity Recall Questionnaire Goodman (2011) 95 RT3 accelerometers worn for 4 consecutive days Each extra 1% of the day where the child engaged in AST was associated with a 0.56% increase in daily minutes of MVPA.…”