Changes in ADC Caused by Tensile Loading of Rabbit Achilles Tendon: Evidence for Water Transport

Han, Sam; Gemmell, S.J; Helmer, Karl G.; Grigg, Peter; Wellen, Jeremy; Hoffman, Allen H.; Sotak, Christopher H.

doi:10.1006/jmre.2000.2075

Cited by 61 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…As suggested by other investigators (Atkinson et al, 1997;Butler et al, 1997) and supported by measurements of apparent diffusion coefficients in tendons with MRI (Han et al, 2000;Wellen et al, 2004), it is possible that ligament permeability along the collagen fiber direction is larger than the transverse permeability. This anisotropy could arise due to the potential hindrance of the flow of water by the orientation of the extracellular matrix, including collagen fibers and proteoglycans, with respect to the direction of permeation.…”

Section: Intrinsic Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 71%

“…A relatively new method based on gas magnetic resonance imaging may provide another alternative method, which could potentially quantify the entire permeability tensor without any contact with the tissue (Bencsik and Ramanathan, 2001). Measurements of the apparent diffusion coefficient using MRI also provide an indirect measure of permeability and have been used to quantify the relative ease of water diffusion along the fiber and crossfiber directions in tendon (Han et al, 2000;Wellen et al, 2004).…”

Section: Intrinsic Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Permeability of human medial collateral ligament in compression transverse to the collagen fiber direction

Weiss

Maakestad

2006

Journal of Biomechanics

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This study quantified the apparent and intrinsic hydraulic permeability of human medial collateral ligament (MCL) under direct permeation transverse to the collagen fiber direction. A custom permeation device was built to apply flow across cylindrical samples of ligament while monitoring the resulting pressure gradient. MCLs from 5 unpaired human knees were used (donor age 55 AE 16 yr; 4 males, 1 female). Permeability measurements were performed at 3 levels of compressive pre-strain (10%, 20% and 30%) and 5 pressures (0.17, 0.34, 1.03, 1.72 and 2.76 MPa). Apparent permeability was determined from Darcy's law, while intrinsic permeability was determined from the zero-pressure crossing of the pressure-permeability curves at each compressive pre-strain. Resulting data were fit to a finite deformation constitutive law [Journal of Biomechanics 23 (1990) 1145-1156. The apparent permeability of human MCL ranged from 0:40 AE 0:05 to 8:60 AE 0:77 Â 10 À16 m 4 =N s depending on pre-strain and pressure gradient. There was a significant decrease in apparent permeability with increasing compressive pre-strain ðp ¼ 0:024Þ and pressure gradient ðpo0:001Þ; and there was a significant interaction between the effects of compressive pre-strain and pressure ðpo0:001Þ: Intrinsic permeability was 14:14 AE 0:74; 6:30 AE 2:13 and 4:29 AE 1:71 Â 10 À16 m 4 =N s for compressive pre-strains of 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively. The intrinsic permeability showed a faster decrease with increasing compressive pre-strain than that of bovine articular cartilage. These data provide a baseline for investigating the effects of disease and chemical modification on the permeability of ligament and the data should also be useful for modeling the poroelastic material behavior of ligaments. r

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Section: Intrinsic Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Intrinsic Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeability of human medial collateral ligament in compression transverse to the collagen fiber direction

Weiss

Maakestad

2006

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…6 displays a maximum stress of less than 1 MPa). Possible explanation for the low rate of recovery include incomplete recovery of water lost during loading, a phenomenon discussed by Han et al, 12 or failure of proteoglycan-collagen interactions, which may be capable of storing some energy elastically. 23,24 The ability of tendon to nearly recover to preload in every instance indicates that there is little or no plasticity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscoelastic Relaxation and Recovery of Tendon

2009

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Abstract-Tendons exhibit complex viscoelastic behaviors during relaxation and recovery. Recovery is critical to predicting behavior in subsequent loading, yet is not well studied. Our goal is to explore time-dependent recovery of these tendons after loading. As a prerequisite, their straindependent viscoelastic behaviors during relaxation were also characterized. The porcine digital flexor tendon was used as a model of tendon behavior. Strain-dependent relaxation was observed in tests at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6% strain. Recovery behavior of the tendon was examined by performing relaxation tests at 6%, then dropping to a low but nonzero strain level. Results show that the rate of relaxation in tendon is indeed a function of strain. Unlike previously reported tests on the medial collateral ligament (MCL), the relaxation rate of tendons increased with increased levels of strain. This strain-dependent relaxation contrasts with quasilinear viscoelasticity (QLV), which predicts equal time dependence across various strains. Also, the tendons did not recover to predicted levels by nonlinear superposition models or QLV, though they did recover partially. This recovery behavior and behavior during subsequent loadings will then become problematic for both quasilinear and nonlinear models to correctly predict.

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“…Tissues were never frozen or stored longer than 24 h before testing. While some studies have concluded that postmortem storage by freezing does not have any effect on the mechanical response of tendons and ligaments (47), others have shown that the ultrastructure and mechanical properties are compromised by freezing (16,34,42). When chicken flexor digitorum profundus tendons were stored at Ϫ40°C for more than 40 days, there was a statistically significant increase in the tangent modulus of the tendons (34).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implantation increases tensile strength and collagen content of self-assembled tendon constructs

Calve¹,

Lytle

Grosh

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Changes in ADC Caused by Tensile Loading of Rabbit Achilles Tendon: Evidence for Water Transport

Cited by 61 publications

References 21 publications

Permeability of human medial collateral ligament in compression transverse to the collagen fiber direction

Permeability of human medial collateral ligament in compression transverse to the collagen fiber direction

Viscoelastic Relaxation and Recovery of Tendon

Implantation increases tensile strength and collagen content of self-assembled tendon constructs

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