Changes in Aphid—Plant Interactions under Increased Temperature

Dampc, Jan; Mołoń, Mateusz; Durak, Tomasz; Durak, Roma

doi:10.3390/biology10060480

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…The populations of the two clones dropped sharply whilst being exposed to the applied heatwave. This resonates with the findings of Chen et al (2000) [44] on a reduced pea aphid fecundity at 25°C, and those of Dampc et al (2021) [45] who found that exposure to 28°C affected the reproduction and longevity of rose aphid Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus) by altering plant-aphid interaction and their defence mechanism. Survival and nymph production in the severe condition were higher in N116 than in N127.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Striking clone-specific nymph deformity in pea aphid exposed to heat stress

Jahan

Khudr

Arafeh

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Climatic changes, such as heatwaves, pose unprecedented challenges for insects, as escalated temperatures above the thermal optimum alter insect reproductive strategies and energy metabolism. While thermal stress responses have been reported in different insect species, thermo-induced developmental abnormalities in phloem-feeding pests are largely unknown. In this laboratory study, we raised two groups of first instar nymphs belonging to two clones of the pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisum, on fava beansVicia faba. The instars developed and then asexually reproduced under constant exposure to a sub-lethal heatwave (27°C) for 14 days. Most mothers survived but their progenies showed abnormalities, as stillbirths and appendageless or weak nymphs with folded appendages were delivered. Clone N116 produced more deceased and appendageless embryos, contrary to N127, which produced fewer dead and more malformed premature embryos. Interestingly, the expression of the HSP70 and HSP83 genes differed in mothers between the clones. Moreover, noticeable changes in metabolism,e.g., lipids, were also detected and that differed in response to stress. Deformed offspring production after heat exposure may be due to heat injury and differential HSP gene expression, but may also be indicative of a conflict between maternal and offspring fitness. Reproductive altruism might have occurred to ensure some of the genetically identical daughters survive. This is because maintaining homeostasis and complete embryogenesis could not be simultaneously fulfilled due to the high costs of stress. Our findings shine new light on pea aphid responses to heatwaves and merit further examination across different lineages and species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Striking clone-specific nymph deformity in pea aphid exposed to heat stress

Jahan

Khudr

Arafeh

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Aphids are oligophagous insects that feed on plants and cause damage to shoots and leaves, making them major pests across several agricultural systems, being also efficient vectors of phytopathogenic viruses (Dampc et al, 2021). As sessile organisms, plants had to evolve ways to defend themselves against herbivores (Walling, 2000), or, when in oligo-cultures, also to develop ways of transmitting signals to each other and use these signals for enhancing collective resistance (Rasmann et al, 2005;Cascone et al, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small volatile lipophilic molecules induced belowground by aphid attack elicit a defensive response in neighbouring un-infested plants

et al. 2023

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In pioneering studies on plant-aphid interactions, we have observed that Vicia faba plants infested by aphids can transmit signals via the rhizosphere that induce aboveground defence in intact, neighbouring plants. The aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi is significantly attracted towards intact broad bean plants grown in a hydroponic solution previously harbouring Acyrtosiphon pisum-infested plants. To identify the rhizosphere signal(s) possibly mediating this belowground plant-plant communication, root exudates were collected using Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) from 10-day old A. pisum-infested and un-infested Vicia faba plants hydroponically grown. To verify the ability of these root exudates to trigger defence mechanisms against the aphids we added them to V. fabae plants grown in hydroponic solution, and tested these plants in the wind-tunnel bioassay to assess their attractiveness towards the aphids’ parasitoids A. ervi. We identified three small volatile lipophilic molecules as plant defence elicitors: 1-octen-3-ol, sulcatone and sulcatol, in SPE extracts of A. pisum-infested broad bean plants. In wind tunnel assays, we recorded a significant increase in the attractiveness towards A. ervi of V. faba plants grown in hydroponic solution treated with these compounds, compared to plants grown in hydroponic treated with ethanol (control). Both 1-octen-3-ol and sulcatol have asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms at positions 3 and 2, respectively. Hence, we tested both their enantiomers alone or in mixture. We highlighted a synergistic effect on the level of attractiveness towards the parasitoid when testing the three compounds together in respect to the response recorded against them singly tested. These behavioural responses were supported by the characterization of headspace volatiles released by tested plants. These results shed new light on the mechanisms underlying plant-plant communication belowground and prompt the use of bio-derived semiochemicals for a sustainable protection of agricultural crops.

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“…The spring phenology of trees is generally defined as a response to effective heat sums [20]. Being ectothermic animals, aphids are strongly affected by thermal conditions [22,23]. Temperature mainly affects the life activities of these insects, influencing the rate of their development, the phenology of appearance, spring and autumn migrations, and the survival of the species [24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Development of Alien Gall-Forming Aphid Tetraneura nigriabdominalis on Ulmus minor and Ulmus glabra

Borowiak-Sobkowiak

Durak

Kmieć

et al. 2022

Forests

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Tetraneura (Tetraneurella) nigriabdominalis (Sasaki, 1899) is a holocyclic and heteroecious species widely distributed throughout the world. Its primary hosts are various elm species, on which it forms galls. The results of this study complement those of previous research on the development of T. nigriabdominalis on primary hosts. Our research was conducted on two elm species, Ulmus minor and Ulmus glabra, at three locations and for three successive seasons between 2017 and 2019. Fundatrices hatched between 27 April and 12 May. The first galls were observed 6–8 days after the hatching date of the fundatrices. On average, there were 1–7.5 galls on one leaf. The highest abundances of T. nigriabdominalis galls were found in the medial and basal parts of the leaf blades. The fundatrices matured within 12–21 days after hatching and produced nymphs within 2–3 weeks. The fecundity of the fundatrices was influenced by the temperature in April, the size of the laminae, and the size of the galls. The females developing on U. glabra were more fecund (2–58 nymphs), whereas those developing on U. minor produced 1–29 nymphs. The winged migrants of the second generation appeared between late May and late June, when the first cracks on the galls were also observed. The entire development of two aphid generations on the primary host was temperature-dependent and lasted from four to almost six weeks. Our results show that U. glabra and U. minor are suitable hosts for T. nigriabdominalis. The development of aphids proceeded similarly on both tree species. Temperature, especially in April, significantly influenced the duration of individual developmental phases and the fecundity of fundatrices.

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Changes in Aphid—Plant Interactions under Increased Temperature

Cited by 14 publications

References 86 publications

Striking clone-specific nymph deformity in pea aphid exposed to heat stress

Striking clone-specific nymph deformity in pea aphid exposed to heat stress

Small volatile lipophilic molecules induced belowground by aphid attack elicit a defensive response in neighbouring un-infested plants

Population Development of Alien Gall-Forming Aphid Tetraneura nigriabdominalis on Ulmus minor and Ulmus glabra

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