Changes in Appetite-Dependent Hormones and Body Composition After 8 Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training and Vitamin D Supplementation in Sedentary Overweight Men

Abstract

Exercise and diet are important factors for energy balance and appetite regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and vitamin D3 supplementation in sedentary overweight men. Forty-eight participants were randomly assigned to one of the following four groups (n = 12): HIIT + VitD, HIIT + placebo (3 sessions per week, 10 × 1 min interval cycling at 90–100% VO2peak separated by 1 min active recovery at 15% VO2peakfor 8 weeks), Vit D and control groups. Participants received 2,000 IU/day 25 (OH) D3 or placebo. Measurements were taken pre and post training after 10 h overnight fasting. Insulin, weight, BMI and body fat percentage were significantly decreased, but PYY was significantly increased in the HIIT + Vit D and HIIT + placebo groups (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively) after 8 weeks of HIIT. Insulin (p = 0.009, p = 0.001), weight, BMI and body fat percentage (p = 0.001, p = 0.001) were significantly lower in the HIIT + Vit D and HIIT + placebo groups compared to the Vit D and control groups. However, PYY was significantly higher in the HIIT + Vit D group compared to the Vit D (p = 0.025) and control groups (p = 0.007) and also in the HIIT + placebo group compared to the Vit D (p = 0.037) and control groups (p = 0.032) after 8 weeks of HIIT. The combination of regular HIIT with vitamin D supplementation has a effect on appetite control and body composition.

Levels of hormones regulating appetite and energy homeostasis in response to a 1.5-Year combined lifestyle intervention for obesity

“…However, our results are in line with previous studies regarding interventions comprising either increased physical activity/exercise or combinations of exercise and dietary advice (but excluding very-low-energy diets). These studies have reported unaltered levels or even increased PYY and CCK levels as well as decreased GIP levels ( Jones et al, 2009 ; Vos et al, 2011 ; Guelfi et al, 2013 ; Martins et al, 2013 ; Lean and Malkova, 2016 ; Sheikholeslami-Vatani and Rostamzadeh, 2022 ). Here, it must be noted that weight loss in these studies was, as in our study, modest or not apparent and results are not completely consistent ( Lien et al, 2009 ; Lean and Malkova, 2016 ; Ataeinosrat et al, 2022 ; Sheikholeslami-Vatani and Rostamzadeh, 2022 ).…”

“…These studies have reported unaltered levels or even increased PYY and CCK levels as well as decreased GIP levels (Jones et al, 2009;Vos et al, 2011;Guelfi et al, 2013;Martins et al, 2013;Lean and Malkova, 2016;Sheikholeslami-Vatani and Rostamzadeh, 2022). Here, it must be noted that weight loss in these studies was, as in our study, modest or not apparent and results are not completely consistent (Lien et al, 2009;Lean and Malkova, 2016;Ataeinosrat et al, 2022;Sheikholeslami-Vatani and Rostamzadeh, 2022). Thus, whether this (potentially beneficial) lack of strong hormonal alterations is due to the mode or the amount of weight loss/fat mass decrease, we cannot determine here.…”

“…Hypocaloric (very-low-energy) diets seem to induce weight-regain-favoring hormonal alterations (Essah et al, 2010;Sumithran et al, 2011;Greenway, 2015;Lean and Malkova, 2016). In contrast, results from exercise intervention studies rather point towards increased satiety signaling (Lean and Malkova, 2016;Sheikholeslami-Vatani and Rostamzadeh, 2022). A study investigating changes in response to a lifestyle intervention combining a hypocaloric diet and exercise showed no effects on fasting PYY or CCK levels (Coutinho et al, 2018).…”

The Combined Effects of High-Intensity Interval Exercise Training and Dietary Supplementation on Reduction of Body Fat in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review

“…The majority of the analysed scientific articles demonstrated statistically significant effects of HIIT and DS on BF and induced a reduction of %FAT, body fat mass, BMI, or waist-to-hip ratio [32,33,36,[39][40][41][42][43][44]. On the contrary, two investigations [35,37] did not find any effects of HIIT combined with DS on BF in older adults with overweight and obesity.…”

“…Among different HIIT protocols, the 40-m shuttle run test was implemented most frequently [33,34,36,38,41] and was combined with ginger (3000 mg/daily) [33,34] or green tea supplementation [36,38], which proved to be effective in reducing BF of participants with overweight and obesity to a greater extent than HIIT or DS alone [33,36,38]. Conversely, Sheikholeslami-Vatani et al [41] found that the 40-m shuttle run protocol combined with vitamin D 3 (2000 IU/daily) or placebo supplementation both had a similar effect on the indicators of body fat loss: %FAT, BM and BMI, whereas Saghebjoo et al [37] demonstrated that the 40-m shuttle run HIIT combined with L-arginine (6 g/daily) did not cause a significant reduction of the BF mass. The above-mentioned synthesis of the results allowed us to conclude that a 40-m shuttle run test as a HIIT protocol may be effective in inducing BF loss both alone and in combination with DS, especially with green tea.…”