Changes in Bacterial and Fungal Community of Soil under Treatment of Pesticides

Abstract

Experiments were carried out in soil microcosms with the treatment of pesticide formulations—imidacloprid, benomyl, and metribuzin in single and tenfold application rates. For additional stimulation of microorganisms, a starch–mineral mixture was added to some variants. For all samples, high-throughput sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform of the V4 (16S rRNA) and ITS1 (18S rRNA) fragments was carried out. As a result, it was possible to establish the characteristic changes in the structure of the soil fungal and bacterial communities under pesticides application. The application of pesticides was accompanied by dramatic shifts in alfa-diversity of the fungal community. The phylum Basidiomycota was likely to be involved in the degradation of pesticides. The changes in the relative abundance of the genera Terrabacter, Kitasatospora, Streptomyces, Sphingomonas, Apiotrichum, Solicoccozyma, Gamsia, and Humicola can be proposed as an indicator of pesticide contamination. It is suggested to use these markers for large-scale assessment of the effect of pesticides on soil microbial communities instead of classical integral methods, including within the framework of state registration of pesticides. It is also recommended to research the effect of pesticides on the soil microbiome during artificially initiated successions using the additional source of carbon.

Changes in soil microbial communities after exposure to neonicotinoids: A systematic review

“…We also found that research on the effects of neonicotinoids on soil microorganisms has produced conflicting results. Some studies did not find any adverse effects of neonicotinoids on microorganisms (Garg et al, 2021;Li et al, 2018;Parizadeh et al, 2021;Singh & Singh, 2005a;Zhang et al, 2015), while some found significant changes in the microbial community in terms of relative abundance (Garg et al, 2021;Parizadeh et al, 2021;Streletskii et al, 2022;Wu et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2018), diversity and structure (Cai et al, 2015;Wu et al, 2021;Yamaguchi et al, 2021;Yu et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2021) and enzymatic activity (Cai et al, 2016a;Castillo Diaz et al, 2017;Filimon et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2014). Such contradictory results may be because some authors investigated only eukaryotes, some only prokaryotes, and others a combination of the two groups.…”

“…Neonicotinoid exposure studies that reported adverse effects on soil microbial populations Thirteen studies (45%) discussed the adverse effect of neonicotinoids (clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, paichongding, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam) on soil microbial relative abundance, diversity, activity, community composition and community structure. Imidacloprid changed the relative abundance of some eukaryotic genera named Apiotrichum, Gamsia, Humicola, Kitasatospora, Solicoccozyma and prokaryotic genera named Sphingomonas, Streptomyces and Terrabacter (Streletskii et al, 2022). In comparison to bacteria, low relative abundances of the archaea genera Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota were found in loam and clay loam soil treated with imidacloprid, thiacloprid and clothianidin (Zhang et al, 2018).…”

Effect of the chlorinated hydrocarbon herbicide, paraquat dichloride, on the growth properties and diversity of soil fungi

“…Their study further confirmed the drop in fungal biomass with increasing pesticide concentration. These alterations in soil fungal diversity and counts with the application of pesticides is further confirmed by Streletskii et al (2022). A concentration of 1 μl/100 ml paraquat dichloride produced reduced abundance in Aspergillus niger with a 34 mm zone of inhibition in agar diffusion studies (Geetha et al 2016) while the insecticide, endosulfan at 100 g/L hampered the growth of Aspergillus terrus and Clasdosporium oxysporum (Mukherjee & Mittal, 2005).…”

Effect of chlorantraniliprole on soil bacterial and fungal diversity and community structure

“…Several species of this genus are thermophilic fungi, which can break down complex natural substrates [ 46 ]. With the treatment of pesticide formulations—imidacloprid, benomyl, andmetribuzin, the relative abundance of the genera Humicola changed [ 51 ]. Previous studies have confirmed that pathogens within the Fusarium genus are the primary agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, which causes yield reduction and deoxynivalenol contamination, attracting immense concern worldwide [ 47 ].…”