Changes in Biochemical Composition and Energy Reserves Associated With Sexual Maturation of Octopus maya

Abstract

Climate conditions are related to changes in the biochemical composition of several tissues and associated to the processes of growth and sexual development in cephalopods. The biochemical composition (protein, glucose, cholesterol, acylglycerides) and hemocytes of the hemolymph, the hepatosomatic and gonadosomatic indices, and the reserves of the gonad, hepatopancreas and muscle (lipids, glycogen, and caloric value of muscle) of Octopus maya were determined and related to sex and season. A total of 154 wild animals were used (≈50 caught per season) and the multivariate analysis of the biochemical indicators of the tissues allowed following the variations during winter, dry and rainy season. The permutational MANOVA showed that both sex and season contributed significantly to variations in metabolites and energy reserves. However, the non-significant interaction term indicated that the biochemical composition changed with the seasons in a similar way and regardless of sex. The pattern observed in metabolites and reserves indicates a variation associated with growth and the reproductive peak, but may also reflect a physiological response to seawater temperature. The present study provides reference values for several physiological indicators in O. maya that may be useful for programs monitoring wild populations, as well as to design diets and management protocols to produce octopus under controlled conditions.

Biochemical Composition and Energy Strategy Along the Reproductive Cycle of Female Octopus vulgaris in Galician Waters (NW Spain)

“…This model would be justified either by not having found trade-offs between tissues, that is, a transference of energy from tissue to tissue, or by having observed a positive correlation between somatic and reproductive condition during maturation. However, this is in contrast with the theory postulated by other authors consisting of the muscle (i.e., mantle) and digestive gland providing some energy for reproduction (i.e., capital breeding) (e.g., O'Dor and Wells, 1978;Seibel et al, 2000;Jackson et al, 2004;Lin et al, 2019;Pascual et al, 2020).…”

“…Regarding octopods, those particularities outlined previously are also common, for instance, the accumulation of lipids in the ovary ( Pollero and Iribarne, 1988 ; Rosa et al, 2004b ) and in the digestive gland in some cases ( Lourenço et al, 2014 ; Pascual et al, 2020 ). However, there are several other points of dissent such as the absence or not of any variation in the protein content in the digestive gland and the ovary ( Rosa et al, 2004a , b ), or the differences regarding the content of glycogen in any of these tissues ( Olivares et al, 2019 ; Pascual et al, 2020 ). Finally, during spawning and post-spawning stages it is frequently found a decrease in proteins and/or lipids both in the mantle and the digestive gland of different species of cephalopods either sampled in the wild ( Pollero and Iribarne, 1988 ; de Moreno et al, 1998 ; Zamora and Olivares, 2004 ; Kilada and Riad, 2008 ) or as observed from lab studies ( Castro et al, 1992 ; García-Garrido et al, 2010 ; Morillo-Velarde et al, 2013 ).…”

“…Nonetheless, some studies have dealt with the biochemistry of maturation in a number of female cephalopod species finding some common patterns such as the accumulation of lipids and/or proteins in the ovary (e.g., Jackson et al, 2004), and a stable composition in the mantle, particularly with regard to proteins, during maturation (Clarke et al, 1994;de Moreno et al, 1998;Moltschaniwskyj and Semmens, 2000;Moltschaniwskyj and Carter, 2013). Regarding octopods, those particularities outlined previously are also common, for instance, the accumulation of lipids in the ovary (Pollero and Iribarne, 1988;Rosa et al, 2004b) and in the digestive gland in some cases (Lourenço et al, 2014;Pascual et al, 2020). However, there are several other points of dissent such as the absence or not of any variation in the protein content in the digestive gland and the ovary (Rosa et al, 2004a,b), or the differences regarding the content of glycogen in any of these tissues (Olivares et al, 2019;Pascual et al, 2020).…”

“…Finally, glycogen seems to have a minor contribution to the energy density in all tissues with the exception of the ovary where the contribution was higher. This latter relevance could be explained by the role of glycogen in the storage and mobilization of nutrients for ovary maturation, as suggested by Olivares et al (2019) for O. mimus and Pascual et al (2020) for O. maya, or because it is used later during embryogenesis as a source of energy as suggested by Rosa et al (2004b) for this species.…”

UPLC-QTOF/MS Metabolomics and Biochemical Assays Reveal Changes in Hepatic Nutrition and Energy Metabolism during Sexual Maturation in Female Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

“…Bogevik et al [ 11 ] discovered that phospholipid and LC-PUFA metabolism changed dramatically in the liver and gonad during the sexual maturation of Salmo salar . Cristina et al [ 12 ] revealed changes in metabolites and energy reserves by analyzing biochemical indicators of gonad, liver and muscle during the sexual maturation of Octopus maya . These studies demonstrated that biochemical indicators and metabolic changes with the liver as the target organ could be used to explore the mobilization and repartition of nutrients and energy during the sexual maturation of fish.…”