Changes in biomarkers of exposure and withdrawal symptom among Chinese adult smokers after completely or partially switching from combustible cigarettes to an electronic nicotine delivery system

Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study of Association between Smoking Initiation and Atrial Fibrillation

“…Our research precisely avoids potential biases. Secondly, they frequently used plasma cotinine measurement to adjust their research findings [26][27][28] . However, this method is susceptible to various factors and may not be entirely accurate.…”