Changes in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in women receiving oral contraceptives

Ygge, J; Brody, Samuel D.; Korsan-Bengtsen, K; Nilsson, Lars‐Erik

doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(16)34145-x

Cited by 80 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…According to Blum [3], MacGregor [15], Nusair and Abu Younis [16], Birn [17], Lilly et al [18], Sweet and Butler [19], Torres et al [20] and Ygge et al [21], this great variability in the reported incidence of dry socket may largely be due to differences in diagnostic criteria and methods of assessment [3], intra-operative and post-operative treatment [3], patient age [3], gender [15], surgical technique [17], smoking [19], medical status [18], operator experience [20], and use of oral contraceptives [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be due to the fact that prior to 1960 oral contraceptives were not appreciably used [3]. Ygge et al [21] and also Sweet and Butler [19] reported that oral contraceptive pills increased fibrinolytic activity in the blood and saliva of women during the menstrual phase. In our study there was a significantly higher incidence of AO among contraceptive users.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparision Between Neocone, Alvogyl and Zinc Oxide Eugenol Packing for the Treatment of Dry Socket: A Double Blind Randomised Control Trial

Faizel

Thomas

Yuvaraj

et al. 2014

J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg.

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Objectives To prospectively evaluate and compare the effectiveness of Neocone, Alvogyl and Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE) intra alveolar dressings for the management of dry socket and to study the epidemiological factors associated with the condition. Study Design All the patients who underwent extraction of teeth and who fulfilled our inclusion and exclusion criteria from 1st January 2012 to February 28th 2013 were included in our study. Patients who were diagnosed to suffer from dry socket were randomly allocated to three groups namely Group A (Alvogyl), Group B (ZOE), Group C (Neocone). Pain relief and healing of the socket were compared between these groups. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis by Chi Square test, Z test of proportionality. Results and Conclusion Alvogyl is superior to the other two medications for providing initial pain relief. Neocone provides complete pain relief and the healing was fastest with Neocone. Neocone emerged as the most suitable dressing material for the management of dry socket by virtue of shorter time required for complete pain relief, fewer visits and faster clinical healing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparision Between Neocone, Alvogyl and Zinc Oxide Eugenol Packing for the Treatment of Dry Socket: A Double Blind Randomised Control Trial

Faizel

Thomas

Yuvaraj

et al. 2014

J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg.

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“…This syndrome has been associated with many disparate conditions, such as pregnancy toxaemia, septicaemia, amniotic fluid embolism, hypertension, snake bite and shock (e.g., the reviews by Pitney, 1971 and Simpson and Stalker, 1973 Pregnancy is associated with changes in the fibrinogen/plasminogen system, although the details are still subject to dispute probably related to technical differences (Woodfield et al, 1968;Bonnar et al, 1969). A variety of changes in coagulation factors and their inhibitors have been observed in patients receiving oestrogen-progestogen preparations (e.g., Brackman and Astrup, 1964;Ygge et al, 1969;Howie et al, 1970). Whereas the precise mechanism of an enhanced thrombotic tendency is still disputed, its existence is sufficiently well established to provide a good theoretical basis for the observed clinical association, particularly related to the oestrogen content of the pill (British Medical Journal, 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pancreatitis, multiple infarcts and oral contraception

Foster

Powell

1975

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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Summary The fact that oral contraceptives may predispose to thrombosis is not disputed, although its frequency is still debated. Any reliable assessment of the prevalence of this complication must in the main depend on careful statistical studies of well controlled groups, because the isolated case may well be coincidental when conditions such as coronary thrombosis, cerebral thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism are not extreme rarities in adult women. However, occasionally the clinical and pathological findings are so striking that they afford compelling evidence. The patient to be described presented with clinical features of pancreatitis that did not initially suggest an association with oral contraception. A hitherto undescribed state of multiple infarcts was found at post-mortem. This also illustrates the way in which the official figures for thrombotic complications can be underestimated.

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“…Plasma plasminogen levels were shown to be decreased in hyper thyroidism, and higher in hypothyroidism (26,27). Fibrinolytic activity of women tak ing estrogen/progesterone preparations was shown to be higher as plasma plasminogen levels (28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33). As to androgenic steroids, ad ministration (intramuscularly or parenterally) of testosterone resulted in increased thrombolytic activity (34).…”

Section: Hormonal Influencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of Plasminogen: With Special Reference to Activation and Degradation

Takada

Takada²

1988

Pathophysiol Haemos Thromb

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Plasminogen is said to be synthesized in many organs, but the major source of its production is considered to be the liver. The production of plasminogen is observed in fetal life, but its plasma level is low in new born infants, rising rapidly to attain adult levels in about 13 weeks. The plasma levels do not change much with age. Although the fibrinolytic enzyme system is influenced by many factors such as hormones, exercise, emotion, age, sex, nutritional states etc., the plasma levels of plasminogen are relatively stable. In this presentation we would like to discuss three important subjects related to the physiology of plasminogen. The first subject is the activation pathway of the native form of plasminogen (Glu-plg) by various activators in the plasma or clotted plasma. Glu-plg was not easily activated by activators such as urokinase (UK) or tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), but activated very easily in the presence of fibrin clot. In the presence of purified clot, Glu-plg was partly activated by activators to Glu-plasmin, but also converted to Lys-plg by preformed plasmin, subsequently being activated to plasmin. Glu-plg I (containing two carbohydrate chains) changed conformation more easily upon interaction with fibrin than Glu-plg II (containing one carbohydrate chain) and Glu-plg I was also more easily activated by activators than Glu-plg II. Although Glu-plg was hardly activated by activators in the plasma, Glu-plg was activated easily in the presence of plasma clot. Results of immunoblotting experiments indicated that Glu-plg was mainly activated by activators directly to plasmin, not via Lys-plg in contrast to purified systems. The second subject is the degradation of plasminogen by elastase. Plasminogen may be degraded by proteolytic enzymes such as cathepsin or elastase. The degradation of plasminogen by elastase is shown to give rise to K1 to K3, K4, and mini-pig (containing K5). We have shown that the degradation rate to Glu-plg by elastase increased in the presence of tranexamic acid, indicating that the conformational change of Glu-plg in the presence of tranexamic acid resulted in the exposure of the hydrophobic regions connecting K3, K4 and K5, thus making them accessible to elastase. Consequently, Lys-plg or conformationally altered Glu-plg (possibly bound to fibrin or FDP) is more easily degraded in vivo. The last subject is relationship between plasma plasminogen levels and fibrinolytic activity in various ages. Although plasma plasminogen levels do not change with age, the fibrinolytic activity lowers. We found that t-PA antigen levels increased, PA inhibitor levels decreased, and PA activity decreased with age. These results suggest that the major factor influencing the activity of fibrinolytic system is not plasminogen but other components such as PA, PA inhibitors or inhibitors of plasmin.

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Changes in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in women receiving oral contraceptives

Cited by 80 publications

References 20 publications

Comparision Between Neocone, Alvogyl and Zinc Oxide Eugenol Packing for the Treatment of Dry Socket: A Double Blind Randomised Control Trial

Comparision Between Neocone, Alvogyl and Zinc Oxide Eugenol Packing for the Treatment of Dry Socket: A Double Blind Randomised Control Trial

Pancreatitis, multiple infarcts and oral contraception

Physiology of Plasminogen: With Special Reference to Activation and Degradation

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