Changes in Blood Values in Elite Cyclist

Mørkeberg, Jakob; Belhage, Bo; Damsgaard, Rasmus

doi:10.1055/s-2008-1038842

Cited by 40 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The decrease in these hematological parameters found in the CG was similar to that found in recent studies, in which authors measured decrease in hematological variables during the season when the training intensity and volume was higher (1). In contrast, during transition and no-training periods in professional cyclists, the opposite tendency was observed (19). Therefore, the implementation of IHT programs could prevent drops in hematological parameters during the training season.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The effects of intermittent hypoxia training on hematological and aerobic performance in triathletes

Ramos-Campo

Martinez-Sanchez²,

García³

et al. 2015

Acta Physiologica Hungarica

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The aim of the present research was to analyze modifications on hematological and aerobic performance parameters after a 7-week intermittent hypoxia training (IHT) program. Eighteen male trained triathletes were divided in two groups: an intermittent hypoxia training group (IHTG: n: 9; 26.0 ± 6.7 years; 173.3 ± 5.9 cm; 66.4 ± 5.9 kg; VO 2 max: 59.5 ± 5.0 ml/kg/min) that conducted a normoxic training plus an IHT and a control group (CG: n: 9; 29.3 ± 6.8 years; 174.9 ± 4.6 cm; 59.7 ± 6.8 kg; VO 2 max: 58.9 ± 4.5 ml/kg/min) that performed only a normoxic training. Training process was standardized across the two groups. The IHT program consisted of two 60-min sessions per week at intensities over the anaerobic threshold and atmospheric conditions between 14.5 and 15% FiO 2 . Before and after the 7-week training, aerobic performance in an incremental running test and hematological parameters were analyzed. After this training program, the IHTG showed higher hemoglobin and erythrocytes (p < 0.05) values than in the CG. In terms of physiological and performance variables, between the two groups no changes were found. The addition of an IHT program to normoxic training caused an improvement in hematological parameters but aerobic performance and physiological variables compared to similar training under normoxic conditions did not increase.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The effects of intermittent hypoxia training on hematological and aerobic performance in triathletes

Ramos-Campo

Martinez-Sanchez²,

García³

et al. 2015

Acta Physiologica Hungarica

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“…[33] An extreme example is during the highlydemanding stage racing of the Tour de France where a mean decrease of 11.5% in [Hb] has been shown (with individual decreases ranging from 7.0 to 20.6%). [34] Unfortunately the AIS data set contains no information regarding training load, however, the athlete data were collected both in-and out-of-competition and it is assumed there is no bias towards either of these training phases. As the trend for [Hb] to decline during the summer is independent of sporting discipline, and thus competition period, it is likely that the primary source of this decline is environmental change rather than alterations to athlete training load.…”

Section: Seasonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within‐subject haemoglobin variation in elite athletes: a longitudinal investigation of 13 887 haemoglobin concentration readings

Lobigs

Knight

Schumacher

et al. 2015

Drug Testing and Analysis

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The Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) estimates individualized reference ranges for key blood markers, such as haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), using predetermined population mean, between- and within-subject variances. Here, we aim to reassess previously published estimates for within-subject [Hb] variance and determine whether sex-, analyzer-, sport-, or season-specific values are required. Our reference population contains 7723 male (mean ± SD, 22.3 ± 4.6 years of age) and 6164 female (21.6 ± 4.3) athlete observations from 49 sports. [Hb] was calculated using one of three cytometers; Bayer-H3 (1997-1999, n = 4554), ADVIA-120 (1999-2010, n = 8636) and Sysmex XT-2000i (2010-2012, n = 697). The final model was a linear mixed model for [Hb] with analyzer (H3, ADVIA, Sysmex), sex (male, female), sport (power-endurance, endurance, skill, team, disabled and non-athletes), season (summer, winter), and the interaction between sex and sport as fixed effects and athlete as a random effect. The model included an exponential correlation structure to allow for within-subject autocorrelation, and allowed different within-subject variances for each sport. Within-subject [Hb] variance (g(2) /L(2) ) was significantly less for power endurance (35.09, 95% CI 33.50 to 36.76), disabled (25.82, 95% CI 21.71 to 35.28) and non-athletes (34.30, 95% CI 28.53 to 35.87) than for endurance (40.35, 95% CI 39.62 to 47.22) and team sports (38.70, 95% CI 37.68 to 39.76) athletes. No new evidence was found to justify adjusting the current within-subject [Hb] variance estimate.

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“…Also, while most BPA studies assume typical values for the physical properties, the blood of individuals has properties within a range of values. A cyclist competing for the Tour de France typically has more viscous blood, richer in Hematocrit [175,176], than an average person. Therefore, studies could be performed to (1) assess the uncertainty involved in using typical physical properties; and (2) refine BPA methods to consider the physical properties of the specific protagonists identified in the bloodletting event.…”

Section: Synthesis Of the Relationship Between Bpa And Fd Concepts Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid dynamics topics in bloodstain pattern analysis: Comparative review and research opportunities

Attinger

Moore

Donaldson

et al. 2013

Forensic Science International

158

139

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This comparative review highlights the relationships between the disciplines of bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) in forensics and that of fluid dynamics (FD) in the physical sciences. In both the BPA and FD communities, scientists study the motion and phase change of a liquid in contact with air, or with other liquids or solids. Five aspects of BPA related to FD are discussed: the physical forces driving the motion of blood as a fluid; the generation of the drops; their flight in the air; their impact on solid or liquid surfaces; and the production of stains. For each of these topics, the relevant literature from the BPA community and from the FD community is reviewed. Comments are provided on opportunities for joint BPA and FD research, and on the development of novel FD-based tools and methods for BPA. Also, the use of dimensionless numbers is proposed to inform BPA analyses. Keywordsbloodstain pattern analysis, review, dimensionless number, drop generation, trajectory, impact, stain Disciplines Laboratory and Basic Science Research | Other Mechanical EngineeringComments NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Forensic Science International. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Forensic Science International, [231, 1-3, (2013) Abstract: This comparative review highlights the relationships between the disciplines of bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) in forensics and that of fluid dynamics (FD) in the physical sciences. In both the BPA and FD communities, scientists study the motion and phase change of a liquid in contact with air, or with other liquids or solids. Five aspects of BPA related to FD are discussed: the physical forces driving the motion of blood as a fluid; the generation of the drops; their flight in the air; their impact on solid or liquid surfaces; and the production of stains. For each of these topics, the relevant literature from the BPA community and from the FD community is reviewed. Comments are provided on opportunities for joint BPA and FD research, and on the development of novel FD-based tools and methods for BPA. Also, the use of dimensionless numbers is proposed to inform BPA analyses.

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Changes in Blood Values in Elite Cyclist

Cited by 40 publications

References 15 publications

The effects of intermittent hypoxia training on hematological and aerobic performance in triathletes

The effects of intermittent hypoxia training on hematological and aerobic performance in triathletes

Within‐subject haemoglobin variation in elite athletes: a longitudinal investigation of 13 887 haemoglobin concentration readings

Fluid dynamics topics in bloodstain pattern analysis: Comparative review and research opportunities

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